The people who live in the Merapi area have been going on for years. Merapi is the most active volcano in Central Java that can threaten the community, but the community still exists today, of course, having local wisdom in responding to the eruption of Merapi. This study aims to determine the local wisdom of Wonolelo Village before, during, and after the Merapi eruption. In addition, to find out the historical relationship of the Merapi eruption to local wisdom and the challenges faced by Wonolelo Village in maintaining the sustainability of local wisdom. This research was used as a descriptive qualitative method. The method of collecting data is done through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data sources of this study are community leaders, spiritual leaders, and people who are more than 70 years old. Analysis of the data used is sourced triangulation based on the Miles & Huberman model. The results showed that local wisdom in responding to the Merapi eruption in Wonolelo Village still exists today. Local wisdom is divided into three segments, namely before, during, and after the eruption of Merapi. Local wisdom before the Merapi eruption is a notification that Merapi eruption activity will occur. Local wisdom in Wonolelo Village has challenges in the form of modernization and not running the local wisdom relay to young people. Keywords: Disaster, Local wisdom, Merapi volcano. References Andreastuti, S.D., Newhall, C., Dwiyanto, J. (2006). Menelusuri Kebenaran Letusan Gunung Merapi 1006. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 1, No. 4, Hal. 201-207. Andreastuti, S., Paripurno, E., Gunawan, H., Budianto, A., Syahbana, D., & Pallister, J. (2019). Character of community response to volcanic crises at sinabung and kelud volcanoes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 382, 298-310. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.022 Atmojo, S. E., Rusilowati, A., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., & Skotnicka, M. (2018). The reconstruction of disaster knowledge through thematic learning of science, environment, technology, and society integrated with local wisdom. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(2), 204-213. doi:10.15294/jpii.v7i2.14273 Bencana, B. N. P. (2010). Peraturan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Nomor 17 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pedoman Umum Penyelenggaraan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Pasca Bencana. Jakarta: BNPB. Bencana, B. P. B. (2010). Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Daerah. Magelang: BPBD. Geologi, BPPTK (2018). Badan Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi. Jakarta: BPPTKG Geologi, BPPTK (2019). Badan Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi. Jakarta: BPPTKG Bardintzeff, J.M. (1984). Merapi volcano (java, Indonesia) and merapi type nuee ardente. Bull volcanol, Vol. 47, No. 3, Hal. 432-446. Boyolali, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kabupaten Boyolali dalam Angka. Boyolali : Badan Pusat Statistik Cahyadi, A. (2013). Pengelolaan lingkungan zamrud khatulistiwa. Yogyakarta: Pintal. Cho, S.E., Won, S., & Kim, S. (2016). Living in harmony with disaster: exploring volcanic hazard vulnerability in Indonesia. Sustainability, Vol. 8, Hlm. 1-13. Daly, P. (2015). Embedded wisdom or rooted problems? aid workers' perspectives on local social and political infrastructure in post-tsunami aceh. Disasters, 39(2), 232-257. doi:10.1111/disa.12105 Dibyosaputro, S., Hadmoko, D.S., Cahyadi, A., & Nugraha, H. (2016). Gunung merapi: kebencanaan dan pengurangan risikonya. Yogyakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi (BPFG) Universitas Gadjah Mada. Fatkhan, M. (2006). Kearifan lingkungan masyarakat lereng gunung merapi. Aplikasia, Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu-ilmu Agama, Vol. 7, No. 2, Desember, Hal. 107-121. Gertisser, R., Charbonnier, S.J., Keller, J., & Quidelleur, X. (2012). The geological evolution of Merapi vulcano, Central Java, Indonesia. Bull Volcanol, Vol. 74. Hal. 1213-1233. Haba, J. (2008). Bencana alam dalam perspektif lokal dan perspektif kristiani. LIPI, Vol. 34, No. 1, Hal. 25-49. Hardoyo, S.R., Marfai, M.A., Ni’mah, N.M., Mukti, R.Y., Zahro, Q., & Halim, A. (2011). Strategi adaptasi masyarakat terhadap bencana banjir rob di pekalongan. Yogyakarta: Magister Perencanaan Pengelolaan Pesisir dan Daerah Aliran Sungai, Cahaya Press. Ikeda, S., & Nagasaka, T. (2011). An emergent framework of disaster risk governance towards innovating coping capability for reducing disaster risks in local communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2(2) doi:10.1007/s13753-011-0006-7 Inaotombi, S., & Mahanta, P. C. (2019). Pathways of socio-ecological resilience to climate change for fisheries through indigenous knowledge. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 25(8), 2032-2044. doi:10.1080/10807039.2018.1482197 Klaten, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kabupaten Klaten dalam Angka. Klaten : Badan Pusat Statistik Kusumasari, B., & Alam, Q. (2012). Local wisdom-based disaster recovery model in indonesia. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 21(3), 351-369. doi:10.1108/09653561211234525 Lestari, P., Kusumayudha, S. B., Paripurno, E. T., & Jayadianti, H. (2016). Environmental communication model for disaster mitigation of mount sinabung eruption karo regency of north sumatra. Information (Japan), 19(9B), 4265-4270. Magelang, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kabupaten Magelang dalam Angka. Boyolali : Badan Pusat Statistik Marfai, M.A. (2011). Jakarta flood hazard and community participation on disaster preparedness. Prosiding dalam seminar Community preparedness and disaster management, center for religious and cross-cultural studies, UGMI, no. 2/2011 (december), Hlm, 209-221. Marfai, M.A., & Hizbaron, D.R. (2011). Community’s adaptive capacity due to coastal flooding in semarang coastal city, Indonesia. International Journal of Seria Geografie, Annals of the Univeristy of Oradea. E-ISSN 2065-1619. Year XX. 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The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential and the development of Lake Kelimutu tourist attraction in Ende Regency. The data were collected through observation, documentation, and interviews with stakeholders, such as the Kelimutu National Park Office, Government Tourism Office, Community, and Visitors. The data was then analyzed descriptively for later determined of its development strategies using SWOT. The results of the study showed that the potential of Lake Kelimutu tourist attraction, besides the uniqueness of the three crater lakes, is also a diversity of flora and fauna, and it was concluded that the appropriate alternative strategy for developing Lake Kelimutu tourist attraction was the S-O strategy (strength and opportunity), they are: creating an integrated tourist package marketing strategy for natural and cultural tourism, using various existing social media to promote the uniqueness of the ever-changing colors of the lake, working with various travel agents to provide special discounts or special services for tourists, and creating special transport routes to Lake Kelimutu from Ende. Keywords: potential, development strategy, tourist site, Lake Kelimutu. References Bunghez, C.L. (2016). The Importance of Tourism to a Destination’s Economy. Journal of Eastern Europe Research in Business & Economics, 1-9. Damanik & Weber. (2006). Perencanaan Pariwisata: Dari Teori ke Aplikasi. Yogyakarta: Andi. Engelhard. (2005). Culturally and Ecologically Sustainable Tourism Development through Local Community Management. Culture and Sustainable Development in the Pacific: ANU Press. Fandeli, C. (2002). Perencanaan Kepariwisataan Alam. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Gaol, H.L. (2014). Potensi Pariwisata Danau Tiga Warna Gunung Kelimutu dan Usaha Kerajinan Kain Tenun Lio Sebagai Atraksi Wisata. JDP, 1(1),31-50. Ismayanti. (2010). Pengantar Pariwisata. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Widisarana Indonesia. Kruja, A. (2012). The Impact of Tourism Sector Development in the Albanian Economy. Economia Seria Management, 15(1), 204-218. Marpaung, H. (2000). Pengetahuan Kepariwisataan. Bandung: Alfabeta. Mohammed, Guellil, Moestefa, Belmokaddem, Mohammed, Sahraoui.(2015). Tourism Spending-Economic Growth Causality in 49 Countries: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. 2nd Global Conference on Business, Economic, Management and Tourism, 1613-1623. Moleong, J.L. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Rev. ed.). Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Pendit, S.N. (1999). Ilmu Pariwisata Sebuah Pengantar Perdana. Jakarta: PT. Pradnya Paramita. Pitana, I Gede & Diarta, I Ketut Surya (2008). Pariwisata sebagai Disiplin Ilmu yang Mandiri. Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya, Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. Rangkuti, F. (2008). Teknik Mengukur dan Strategi Meningkatkan Kepuasan Pelanggan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Soekadijo. (2000). Anatomi Pariwisata. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Bandung: Alfabeta. Sukmadinata. (2008). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Tabash, M.I. (2017). The Role of Tourism Sector in Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence from Palestine. International Journal of Economic and Financial Issues, 7(2), 103-108. Weiler, B.,& Hall, M.C. (1992). Special Interest Tourism.New York& Toronto: Halsted Press. Yoeti, O.A. (2008). Ekonomi Pariwisata: Introduksi, Informasi, dan Aplikasi.Jakarta: Kompas. Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

This study aims to determine: (1) the difficulties of geography teachers in SMA N 1 Ngaglik to develop learning media, and (2) how to solve those difficulties. This research was conducted in SMA N 1 Ngaglik. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subjects in this study were the geography teachers. The data collection techniques used was observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study used interactive analysis which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate: (1) the obstacles found in the school like the teachers develop syllabus using a scientific approach only, they have not carried out all learning models in accordance with Curriculum 2013, the difficulties in developing learning media, the difficulties in developing learning media, and the difficulties in assessing balanced attitudes and skills with knowledge, and (2) to solve those difficulties the teacher carries out various ways by discussing and sharing with other geography teacher, participates in MGMP activities from the school to the district level, attends trainings or workshops to add insight and various information for the improvements in developing learning media. Keywords: obstacles, learning media, curriculum 2013 References   Cheung, A.C.K & Wong, P.M. (2012). “Factors Affecting the Implementation of Curriculum Reform in Hong Kong: Key Findings from a Large‐Scale Survey Study”. International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 26 Iss: 1, pp.39 – 54. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513541- 211194374.   Eraslan, A. (2013). “Teachers’ Reflections on the Implementation of the New Elementary School Mathematics Curriculum in Turkey”. HU Journal of of Education. 28 (2), 152-165. Mulyasa. E (2014). Pengembangan dan Implementasi kurikulum 2013. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Kankam, B., Bordoh, A., Eshum, I., Bassaw, T.K, & Korang, F.Y. (2014). ”Teachers’ Perception of Authentic Assessment Techniques Practice in Social Studies Lessonsin Senior High Schools in Ghana”. International Journal of Educational Researchand Information Science. 1 (4): 62-68. Katuuk, D.A. (2014). Manajemen Implementasi Kurikulum: Strategi Penguatan Implementasi Kurikulum 2013. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 13 (1): 13-26. Kurebwa, M. & Nyaruwata, L.T. 2013. ”Assessment Challenges in the Primary Schools: A Case of Gweru Urban Schools”. Greener Journal of Educational Research 3(7), pp. 336-344. Lumadi, M.W. (2013). “Challenges Besetting Teachers in Classroom Assessment: An Exploratory Perspective”. Journal of Social Science. 34 (3): 211-221. Mayer, V.J. & Fortner, R.W. (1987). “Relative Effectiveness of Four Modes of Dissemination of Curriculum Materials”, TheJournal of Environmental Education, 19(1) 25-30. Doi:10.1080/00958964.1987.- 10801957. Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2013). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 81 Tahun 2013 tentang Pelaksanaan Penilaian. Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 104 Tahun 2014 tentang Pelaksanaan Penilaian. Ryder, J., Banner, I., & Homer, M. (2014). “Teachers’ Experiences of Science Curriculum        Reform”. School. Sugiyono. (2007). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D. Bandungan: Alfabeta. Sukardi. (2005). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Kompetensi dan Praktiknya. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Syomwene, A. (2013). “Factors Affecting Teachers’ Implementation of Curriculum Reforms and Educational Policies in Schools: The Kenyan Experience”. Journalof Education and Practice. 4 (22) 80- 86. Wina Sanjaya. (2010). Perencanaan & Desain Sistem Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Kencana. Copyright (c) 2018 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

This research development aims to produce thematic-integrative teaching materials based on a scientific approach. The product produced aims to develop a confident character. Teaching materials developed get positive responses from students with excellent task completion achievement, amounting to 81.5%. This is evidenced based on the results of expert assessments which show that teaching material developed from the aspect of content eligibility is categorized as "very good" with an average of 64.5, aspects of language are categorized as "good" with an average of 31, aspects of presenting the category of "very good" with an average of 59, and the aspect of graphics categorized as "very good" with an average of 55. Thematic-integrative teaching materials based on a scientific approach with the theme "Beautiful Togetherness" to develop self-confidence and improve learning outcomes of grade IV elementary school students in learning.

Banyaknya lahan kayu putih yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal seperti penanaman dengan sistem tumpang sari, kurangnya pemahaman mengenai faktor penghambat dalam pertumbuhan tanaman kayu putih, dan kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai pemanfaatan potensi lahan yang optimal merupakan penyebab rendahnya produktifitas kayu putih di Indonesia. Klasterisasi menggunakan algoritma K-Means dalam pengelompokan lahan ke dalam cluster yang potensial berdasar faktor pendukung pertumbuhan hama rayap tanah merupakan tujuan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan. Proses cluster dilakukan menggunakan parameter tanaman tumpang sari, tipe tanah, suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan. Dalam metode K-Means, data yang memiliki karakteristik yang sama dalam satu kelompok dan memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan kelompok lain akan dikelompokan dalam satu cluster. Clustering akan mengupayakan untuk mencapai tingkat minimal variasi antar data yang ada dalam suatu cluster. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan 2 cluster dan didapatkan hasil sebanyak 13,56% (16 lahan) yang sangat berpotensi dan 86,44% (112 lahan) yang tidak berpotensi adanya hama rayap. Hasil pengujian terhadap cluster K-Means menggunakan indeks Davies Bouldin dan didapat nilai sebesar 0,055. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan sebagai bahan masukan dengan harapan secara ekologis dapat meningkatkan tingkat keberhasilan yang lebih baik saat melakukan budidaya tanaman kayuputih.