Gold mine tailing soil media are characterized by low soil fertility and heavy metals toxicity. As an effort to improve the condition of gold mine tailing soil media, a revegetation experiment using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and soil media from gold mine tailing was conducted in the greenhouse. The objectives were to assess initial growth, P uptake and Pb reduction in Nauclea orientalis L. plants inoculated with indigenous AMF grown on gold mine tailing soil media. Three AMF fungi were used in this study, i.e. Glomus aggregatum, Glomus sp. and Acaulospora delicata. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design, having four treatments, i.e. control, G. aggregatum, Glomus sp. and A. delicata. The experiment was carried out for 3 months in a greenhouse scale. The results showed that local AMF inoculation significantly increased the height and stem diameter of lonkida by 181-213% and 284-443%, respectively, compared to control. The highest measurements of leaf's length and width of lonkida seedlings were obtained from Glomus sp. and A. delicata treatments. Glomus sp. and A. delicata each significantly increased P levels in roots and shoots. Inoculation with G. aggregatum reduced Pb in the root and shoots parts by 74-86% and 72-76%, respectively, compared to controls. Local AMFs are potential to be developed as biological fertilizers to support revegetation in degraded lands, such as in gold mine tailing areas.

Understanding the composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is imperative for potentially enhancing their ecological role in different terrestrial ecosystems. Land use can have substantial effects on AMF species composition and diversity, but such effects have been explored less in tropical landscapes. In this study, we assessed the effects of disturbances on AMF species richness, observed the potential development of AMF types to produce mycorrhizal biofertilizer bioinoculants. This study was conducted identifying and selecting AMFs was for the purpose of managing post-mining land in Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. AMF spores collected from the field and trap culture were directly isolated and morphologically identified. A total of 15 AMF species were identified, including 11 species from field samples and 9 species from trap cultures. We noted that five AMF species were unique to field conditions and 5 AMF species were uniquely isolated from trap culture. It appears that Glomeraceae family contributed the highest number of species in all land-use types. Glomus sp. 1 was the most frequent species found in all land-use types. The Simpson's index, Shannon index and evenness ranged from 1.60 ± 0.51 to 2.40 ± 0.40; 0.41 ± 0.17 to 0.62 ± 0.17; 0.25 ± 0.10 to 0.39 ± 0.11, respectively. In this study, we found three new records of AMF species including Entrophospora colombiana, Sclerocystis microcarpa and Glomus coronatum for Indonesia, i.e. from this study, it is clear that different land-use types affected AMF spore composition and species diversity. All AMF species found in this study were then applied to the land to improve land quality.