The Haihe River basin is located in the north of China and has an area of 318,000 km 2 . The region is politically important and economically advanced. For example, the Haihe River basin sustains a population of more than 120 million and generates a gross domestic production of approximately 2,600 billion Chinese Yuan. The ecological health of plain rivers within the Haihe River basin of China is questionable because of severe water shortages, considerable water, soil and air pollution, and the destruction of the natural river morphologies. It is therefore necessary to establish a generic and theoretical restoration methodology to guide river ecological restoration efforts in the future. Thirteen methodologies and technologies were selected from an existing suit of ecosystem restoration techniques currently applied to the Haihe River catchment. These technologies were further divided into three types: water quantity adjustment, water purification, and habitat improvement. The most suitable ecological restoration techniques were selected as a function of all three types. However, direct methods of addressing water quantity and quality problems were identified as critical for the success of future restoration efforts. Examples of the application of the conceptual ecological restoration model for the representative plain rivers Beiyunhe, Yongding and Wei, all located within the Haihe River Basin, are also assessed. The conceptual model provides practical solutions to pollution problems, is generic in nature, and could therefore be applied to other polluted watercourses in densely populated regions in the developed and developing world.

Magnetic anisotropy in Fe-based amorphous ribbon plays an important role in various applications and is still not fully understood. To gain an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon, the structure and magnetic properties of Fe78Si9B13 master alloy ingots and melt-spun amorphous ribbons were measured by various techniques. For the ingot samples, both the <100>α-Fe and <001>Fe2B axes are aligned parallel with the radial direction (RD) of the original cylindrical ingot, i.e. the maximum temperature gradient direction, and their other orthogonal axes have several preferred directions in the plane vertical to RD. The hard magnetic axis of the ingot samples is parallel to RD, which is due to the large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy difference between <001> and {001} of the Fe2B phase. For the amorphous ribbons, there is an in-plane magnetic anisotropy: the easy or hard axis of magnetization is aligned on the plane of the ribbon, and parallel to or at an angle of about 60° to its width direction, respectively. According to the structural heredity between the melts and glasses/crystals during solidification, we deduce that the magnetic anisotropy in the ribbon plane is ascribed to the orientation alignment of Fe-Si and Fe-B clusters, i.e. a hidden order beyond short-range order, in Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons.