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Standards und Referenzmethoden gewinnen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Meßbedingungen der Routine‐1H‐NMR‐Spektroskopie erfüllen alle Bedingungen, um sie in den Reigen der primären Meßmethoden einzureihen.

Die 29Si‐FT‐NMR‐Spektren von 13 Natriumsilicatlösungen mit unterschiedlichem Na:Si‐Verhältnis werden in Hinblick auf die Struktur der in den Lösungen auftretenden Silicatanionen untersucht. Für die 5 möglichen Baugruppen (Monosilicat, Endgruppen. Mittelgruppen, Verzweigungs‐ und Vernetzungsgruppen) lassen sich definierte Bereiche der 29Si‐chemischen Verschiebung angeben, in denen durch Einfluß der weiteren strukturellen Umgebung i. a. zahlreiche Signalaufspaltungen beobachtet werden. Aus den relativen Intensitäten der Signale können Aussagen über die Konzentrationsverteilung und damit über das Kondensationsgleichgewicht der Silicatanionen in Abhängigkeit vom Na:Si‐Verhältnis abgeleitet werden. Es zeigt sich, daß zahlreiche Anionentypen mit unterschiedlichem Kondensationsgrad nebeneinander in einem Gleichgewicht vorliegen, das sich mit fallendem Na:Si‐Verhältnis stark auf die Seite höhermolekularer Silicatanionen mit hohem Gehalt an Verzweigungs‐ und Vernetzungsgruppen verschiebt.

In our laboratory more than 100,000 urinary calculi have been analysed since 1972. Amongst this huge sample, 15 specimens originating from a total of eight patients were observed showing similar characteristics but escaping unambiguous identification with any of the substances that have been described so far in urinary concrements. Therefore, the unknown substance was submitted to a more extended analytical regimen. Structural analysis by x-ray crystallography turned out to be most successful, identifying the unknown material as uric acid monohydrate. Uric acid monohydrate crystallizes in the monocline space group P2(1)/c. Within the crystal, uric acid and water molecules form continuous layers by hydrogen bonds. This is in contrast to uric acid in its water free and its dihydrate forms, which both crystallize by forming 3-dimensional networks To the best of our knowledge , the existence of a monohydrate form of uric acid has not been reported so far. Accordingly, this is the first report on uric acid monohydrate as a urinary stone component. The frequency of only 0.015% in our survey indicates that uric acid monohydrate is rarely the main component in concrements, in contrast to uric acid and uric acid dihydrate with frequencies of 10% and 6%, respectively. The infrared spectrum of uric acid monohydrate is very similar to that of the other crystal forms of uric acid. Because of this similarity and its low frequency, uric acid monohydrate may have been overlooked as a component of urinary concrements. X-ray diffraction allows for better differentiation in routine stone analysis. All samples of uric acid monohydrate were found by solid state NMR spectroscopy to be highly contaminated by amorphous material. This material consisted of long aliphatic chains reminiscent of lipids and fatty acids, respectively. Concrements consisting of other forms of uric acid or urate lacked this amorphous component. Therefore, a role of this aliphatic material has to be taken into consideration when discussing the conditions that may favour the rare formation of concrements from uric acid monohydrate. As for as the metabolic situation of the affected patients is concerned, no common peculiarities became evident by a retrospective survey.

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