Crucibles were made from thorium oxide by casting from a slip made according to ceramic pracThese were fired to 1885°CThe addition of zirconium oxide makes a crucible easier The finished crucibles were successfully used in vacuum-induction furnaces toExpansion curves indicate a peculiar action of the crucibles made with zirconium oxide in the tice. The presence of cryolite in the slip insured its successful use. in a gas furnace of special construction. to manufacture. melt pure metals to 2300°C. 700 to 900" region. from 0 t o 600 "C.for chemical work and (6) resistant to wetting of molten metals of high melting poiilt.No contamination of the metals resulted.The mean coefficient of expansion of fused thoria is found to be 93 X These crucibles are found to be (a) fairly resistant to chemical reagents, but not enough so

The following paper describes the transformation from the rule‐of‐thumb state to a scientifically controlled process of the filling of the glass insulation into the brass shells for incandescent lamp bases. It is divided into three parts: (a) the development of the platinum alloy dies or orifices, (b) determination of the flow of glass through the platinum dies or orifices, and (c) automatic control of glass‐stream temperature by means of radiation pyrometers. For three decades or more this process has been in operation. Wonderful strides have taken place in the development of the machinery needed until at present the medium screw base (No. 102) for general home lighting is filled with glass and the glass is shaped at the rate of 220 per minute. Actually 12,000 bases are processed per hour by this machine, which is known as a glass base machine. In brief, the process consists of indexing a brass shell and eyelet held in a proper holder under a flowing stream of glass, cutting the stream, pressing the glass into shape, cleaning the glass from the eyelet holes, and blowing the hot base off into an annealer for cooling. Control of the glass stream lagged woefully behind the development of the machines and represented a strictly rule‐of‐thumb handling. The crux of the difficulty was the constantly varying size of the orifice through which the glass is delivered to the glass base machine. A porcelain die was used for this purpose and quickly enlarged due to erosion. The development of a platinum alloy‐lined refractory die solved the problem of the varying size of the orifice. While this development was being carried on, the field of automatic control for the oil‐fired tank was kept continually in mind and various promising installations were experimented with. Thus when the unvarying orifice was developed, the whole process of control was immediately available. The present status of this work as here described does not represent a perfect solution but only the present situation which is subject to further improvement.

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The leaching effect of metals has led to the introduction of government regulations for the safety of the environment and humans. This has led to the search for new alloys with long-lasting sustainability. Herein, we wish to report a new brass alloy containing carbon with a remarkable sustainability produced by electrodeposition from a graphene quantum dots bath. The electrochemical measurements were carried out using cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic analysis, and Tafel measurements, and the deposits were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Raman imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the surface morphology and elemental compositions. The current–time transients in the potential-step electrolysis were used to investigate the nucleation and growth mechanism. The smooth and compact deposit obtained at −0.60 V showed a composition of Cu = 24.33 wt %; Zn = 0.089 wt %; and C = 75.57 wt %. The SEM and energy dispersion X-ray analysis revealed a surface morphology with a uniform distribution of the particles and the presence of Cu, Zn, and C. The corrosion density of the material is very much lower than that of conventional brass, suggesting a higher sustainability.

NOTE: The data given in this part of the paper were obtained during routine operation. It is not as precise as the writer would wish it to be, but a study of this material has indicated the probable relationships which apply to the flaw of glass through tubular orifices. In all the data given the word “die” is used and should be understood to mean a tubular orifice.