No abstract

The properties of high-TiO 2 slags are markedly different from those of many other metallurgical slags. The objective of this paper is twofold: firstly, to assemble in one document the TiO 2 slag properties, including Ti 3+ /Ti 4+ ratio, liquidus temperatures, heat capacity, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity: all expressed in terms of temperature and composition dependency. Secondly, this paper attempts to correlate published experimentally measured data with theoretically based parameters, which will enable the application of the measured properties to wider slag compositions within the pseudobrookite-TiO 2 slag system. Keywords high-TiO 2 slag, properties.

Ilmenite smelting is well established using both direct current and alternating current furnaces. Regardless of the furnace type, the slag produced is aggressive towards the sidewall lining. The formation of a stable slag freeze lining is essential to arrest lining wear and ensure an acceptable furnace campaign life. The sidewall lining can be severely damaged within a short period of time under upset conditions and without a stable freeze lining in place. The sidewall lining/cooling system adjacent to the furnace slag bath must be designed to ensure a stable freeze lining and prevent lining wear under normal as well as upset conditions. In this paper we explore the effectiveness of high-intensity copper coolers compared to the more traditional magnesia working lining combined with an externally cooled furnace shell. An increase in furnace heat losses has been raised as a concern for intensively cooled sidewalls. The estimated furnace heat losses are compared for the different lining/cooling system designs.