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Monthly samples of arthropods were collected for 3 vears in savanna woodland at Wollomombi. New South Wales, from the foliage of eucalypts, bipinnate acacias, Olearia viscidula, Jacksonia scoparia, Exocarpos cupressiformis and Cassinia spp., and from the ground-layer. The second and third years of the study coincided with the worst drought recorded for the area. Biomass of arthropods matched primary productivity and decreased greatly during the drought. In the first year there was a pronounced summer peak and winter low. Some species of plants showed peaks that did not conform to the overall pattern. Most arthropod groups were greatly reduced in number during the drought and some groups virtually disappeared, although coleopterans were not significantly affected. Arthropods were less severely reduced in shrubs than they were in the tree-layer of eucalypts. Arthropods were on average smaller during winter.