Careful monitoring of reintroduced threatened species is essential for informing conservation strategies and evaluating reintroduction efforts in an adaptive management context. We used noninvasive genetic sampling to monitor a reintroduction of a threatened shrubland specialist, the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), in southeastern New Hampshire, USA. We monitored the apparent survival and breeding success of founder individuals and tracked changes in population size and genetic diversity for 5 years following an initial reintroduction in 2013. We released 42 rabbits, documented 29 unique offspring in years following releases through noninvasive surveys, and identified 6 founder individuals and 9 recruited offspring that bred. Apparent survival of founders was variable and greatest in the first year of the reintroduction. Predation was the primary cause of mortality and greatest in the first month after release and after heavy snowfall. Population size remained small but relatively stable until a stochastic decline in the fourth year following reintroduction, followed by a slight rebound after population augmentation and offspring production by wild‐born rabbits. Genetic diversity increased after the initial founders with diverse genetic backgrounds were released and then they and their subsequent offspring bred. We documented successful dispersal 700 m from the release site to a high‐quality patch of habitat, which remained occupied throughout the study. For New England cottontail reintroductions to be successful in the long term, releases will be needed at multiple patches within dispersal distance, and habitat corridors need to be restored among patches to create a functioning metapopulation. For small or isolated reintroduced populations, continued intensive monitoring is needed to detect stochastic declines in population size or changes in sex ratios and guide subsequent management reactions via additional reintroductions or population augmentations. Noninvasive genetic sampling is a valuable tool to monitor reintroductions of the New England cottontail and other threatened species to provide managers with detailed information to inform decision‐making in an adaptive management framework. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

ORESTERS of Finland, under the leadership of Mr. A. K. Cajander, have developed a very interesting theory of forest types which they have found to be of great practical valuz in the classification of the forests of Finland. In this connection, the reader is referred to the very able treatise on this subject by Cajander, entitlzd "The Theory of Forest Types". It would be impossible in this short paper to give a detailed explanation of theory, but some explanation is, of course, ntcessary.Briefly, it may be said the theory is based upon the relationship that undoubtedly does exist between thz ground flora and the forest itself. Many species of plants and trees with which we are familiar are associated in our minds with a habitat; thus we look for ferns in deep, moist hard. wood forests, cacti on dzserts, water-cress in running streams, willows near water, tamarack in swamps, and jackpine on low sandy ridges. These are some of the more obvious associations of plant and location. There are many others, but most of them are not so obvious for the reason that the vzry slight differences in location often make a habitat favourable for a species and such differences we cannot so readily perceive.To a great extent, plant life is limited to habitats or favourable loca. tions by the factor of competition with other species and it is a rare occur. rence to find in nature a plant species occupying one location to the total exclusion of all other specizs. A certain element in the soil may favour a species in its competition for existence and thus hold it more or less to such soils, but as the locations differ in the amount of that element present, so will the plant differ in the frequency of its occurrence. This gives rise to types of associations of plant and tree species, and it has been found practicable to classify locations on the basis of types or associations of species rather than on the necessarily finer divisions based on the individual spzcies.All vegetation is affected in greater or less degree by the factors men4 tioned above, namely, competition with other species and adaption to environment. The l e m flora-mosses, plants and shrubs-have a short life span, and are many in species as compared with the tree species in the same region. It follows, then, that the types of the ground vegetation, due to the greater number of species, will react to smaller differences in location than will the trees, and also, due to their shorter life span, will reach their climax type -or statc of equilibrium much sooner. The trees also reflect these minor changes in location, but do so by growing faster or slower according as the situation is more or less favourable to them. They do not reflect it so readily by changes in the admixture of the species form* The Forestry Chronicle Downloaded from pubs.cif-ifc.org by 44.224.250.200 on 05/04/21

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n 1924 the Alberta foresters in the Dominion Service* at a conference in Calgary, pasasd a resolution to the effect that they were unanimously of the opinion that the problen of obtaining adequate reproduction of spruce after cutting was of paramount importance in this province and its study should take preca&onco.OYer all other silvicultural work not of a routine nature.Since then rcuch v/ork has been done \ in an effort to arrive at some solution of --^in an enorx xo arrive a^ some soxuixon 01 the problem.The following outline of the work done and tentative deductions arrived at is submitted in tho hope that it may prove interesting and perhaps of some value to workers in other regions.