The near‐infrared (NIR) region (600–1100 nm) offers several advantages in comparison with the conventional ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) region for spectroscopic measurements and detection. The lack of commercial instrumentation impeded the development of NIR techniques for years. The advent of inexpensive photodiodes and diode lasers used widely by the telecommunication industry gave the necessary impetus for development of analytical NIR techniques. This article describes the fundamental properties of NIR fluorophores and absorbers and provides a comparison with conventional UV/VIS dyes. The various analytical applications developed in the past decade that have utilized the advantages offered by this region are described with a particular emphasis on bioanalytical uses.

1999ketones ketones (benzene compounds) Q 0350 -100Synthesis of Aminophenyl and Methoxyphenyl Perfluoroalkyl Ketones.-Two practical, alternative routes for the synthesis of perfluoroacyl-substituted anilines and anisoles (II), a direct hydrolysis of corresponding perfluoroalkylarenes (I) and a two-step approach via acetals (IV), are given. -(LEE, H.; CZARNY, A.; BATTISTE, M. A.; STREKOWSKI, L.; J. Fluorine Chem. 91 (1998) 2, 221-224;

A Novel Synthesis of 4-Perfluoroalkylquinolines and Related Substituted Quinolines.-2-Perfluoroalkylanilines [cf. (I)] can be easily converted to the corresponding acetal (III) which reacts with ketones via an acid-catalyzed Friedlaender reaction to the quinolines (V). Interestingly, pentanal (VI) yields the quinoline (VII) as the major product. -(CZARNY, A.; LEE, H.; SAY, M.; STREKOWSKI, L.; Heterocycles

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Synthesis of 4-Perfluoroalkylquinolines. -Reaction of 2-perfluoroalkylsubstituted anilines (I) with the lithium enolates of acetaldehyde (II) or methyl ketones (V) proceeds by cyclization to afford the 2-unsubstituted (III) or 2-substituted 4-perfluoroalkylquinolines (VI), resp., in moderate yields. In a similar manner, the reaction with lithiated carbonitriles (VII) provides an easy access to 3-substituted 2-amino-4-perfluoroalkylquinolines (VIII). -(STREKOWSKI, L.; LIN, S.-Y.; LEE, H.; ZHANG, Z.-Q.; MASON, J. C.; Tetrahedron 54 (1998) 28, 7947-7954; Dep. Chem., Ga. State Univ., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; EN)