Abstract-This paper presents an overview of the ORBIT (Open Access Research Testbed for Next-Generation Wireless Networks) radio grid testbed 1 , that is currently being developed for scalable and reproducible evaluation of next-generation wireless network protocols. The ORBIT testbed consists of an indoor radio grid emulator for controlled experimentation and an outdoor field trial network for end-user evaluations in real-world settings. The radio grid system architecture is described in further detail including an identification of key hardware and software components. Software design considerations are discussed for the open-access radio node, and for the system-level controller that handles management and control. The process of specifying and running experiments on the ORBIT testbed is explained using simple examples. Experimental scripts and sample results are also provided.

The increasing complexity, heterogeneity, and dynamism of emerging pervasive Grid environments and applications has necessitated the development of autonomic self-managing solutions, that are inspired by biological systems and deal with similar challenges of complexity, heterogeneity, and uncertainty. This paper introduces Project AutoMate and describes its key components. The overall goal of Project Automate is to investigate conceptual models and implementation architectures that can enable the development and execution of such self-managing Grid applications. Illustrative autonomic scientific and engineering Grid applications enabled by AutoMate are presented.

Removal of the mRNA 5' cap is an important step in the regulation of mRNA stability. mRNAs are degraded by at least two distinct exonucleolytic decay pathways, one from the 5' end, and the second from the 3' end. Two major cellular decapping enzymes have been identified, and each primarily functions in one of the two decay pathways. The Dcp2 decapping enzyme utilizes capped mRNA as substrate and hydrolyses the cap to release m(7)GDP (N7-methyl GDP), while a scavenger decapping enzyme, DcpS, utilizes cap dinucleotides or capped oligonucleotides as substrate and releases m(7)GMP (N7-methyl GMP). In this review, we will highlight the function of different decapping enzymes and their role in mRNA turnover.

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