The NP and AF cells respond differently to hypoxia condition on the 3D scaffold, and hypoxia could enhance NP phenotype. When used in concert with appropriate scaffold material, human NP cells from degenerated disc could be regenerated for tissue engineering application.

Our study failed to verify the vascular depression hypothesis in PD. On the contrary, it was demonstrated that overweight/obesity is negatively associated with the presence of depression in PD.

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