Background Diabetes mellitus is a disease of high prevalence as well as incidence and consequence worldwide. An approximate 387 million people have been found to be affected by diabetes mellitus worldwide in 2013. It is presumed that the number of people with diabetes will almost double the current numbers by 2035. Aim of the work To determine what is the most important predictor assessed by spectral domain optical coherence tomographic tomography (SD-OCT) correlates with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in eyes with untreated diabetic macular edema (DME). Patients and Methods Sixty eyes of forty three diabetic patients were included in this observational ,non intervention study. The patients’ ages ranged from 50 to 70 years. All cases had DM type2. This study was conducted at ophthalmic clinic of Al Mataria teaching Hospital from January 2018 till November 2018. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrolment. All applicable institutional regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during this research. Results In this study, we observed statistically significant correlation between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (C. S. T), moreover this study detect that the most important OCT pattern affecting vision is the presence of central macular edema. Conclusion In untreated diabetic macular edema cystoid macular edema was the most common OCT pattern and has worest vision during 1st ophthalmic examination

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in children. There are two forms heritable and nonheritable. Leukocoria is the most common presenting sign, accounting for about 56.1% of cases. Strabismus is the second most common mode of presentation. Early retinoblastoma patients (group A and B ICRB) treated by systemic chemotherapy in conjunction with local control have the higher rate of eye salvage. Aim of Study: To classify retinoblastoma patients presented to Oncology Unit of Ain Shams Department of Ophthalmology to international groups and study presentation, modalities of treatment and treatment outcome of group A and B patients. To see to what extent in Ain Shams Department of Ophthalmology we succeed achieving eye salvage in early retinoblastoma patients group A and B. Patients and Methods: This study involved patients have been treated at Oncology Unit of Ain Shams Department of Ophthalmology. Data was extracted from recorded files of patients in the period from January 2004 till January 2012. All patients data were subjected to refinement of: Age, sex, date of first visit, complaint, family history, fundus examination, diagnosis, classification to international groups, treatment, follow-up. Results: Complete tumor regression had occurred in 90% of all group A and B patients following treatment with systemic chemotherapy plus focal laser thermotherapy. Enucleation was needed in 6.7% of all patients. Group A only patients had a 90% percentage of complete tumor regression, with only one patient died from pneumonia (one out of 30). Group B only patients had a 90.5% percentage of complete tumor regression, with only two patients had needed enucleation (2 out of 30). EBR was needed in 6.7% of all patients. Age at presentation mean was 1.09 year with range (0.1-3). Regarding presenting symptoms, 80% of patients presented with leukocoria and 13.3% with squint. Family history was negative in 86.7% and positive in 13.3%. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that early retinoblastoma patients (group A and B ICRB) treated by systemic chemotherapy in conjunction with local control have resulted in ocular salvage rates exceeding 90% for early intraocular disease.