Main chemical composition, bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity of Egyptian lupine and fenugreek seeds were investigated. The obtained resultsshowed that white lupine seeds have higher amount of carbohydrate and ash than that in the other seeds. Meanwhile yellow lupine seeds showed the highest percentage of fibers among all tested seeds, while fenugreek seeds were characterized by large amount of crude protein, oil and moisture comparing with both kinds of lupine seeds. On the other side, analysis of bioactive constituents revealed the presence of total phenolics, total flavonoids as well as saponins in the highest amount in fenugreek seeds, whereas the highest values of alkaloids and tannins were belonged to yellow lupine. It is noteworthy that white lupine exhibited the lowest amounts of all tested bioactive components among all studied seeds.And finally, in vitro antioxidant activity using two deferent methods, showed a correlation between total phenolics and total flavonoids on one hand and antioxidant activity on the other hand, where it showed the highest values for fenugreek seeds followed by yellow and white lupine seeds respectively.

Calendula officinalis is classified as one of the most important medicinal crops that deserve improvement in production and quality. This research study was conducted to investigate the effect of using compost, as an organic amendment, to replace some of the mineral fertilizers normally used. The experiments were conducted in the open field in two successive seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Applied Research Center for Medicinal Plants, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, (NODCAR) at Kafer El-Gable, Giza. Pots which were filled beforehand with sandy soil received six treatments:(1) 100% Organic (Org), (2) 100% Mineral (Min), (3) 75% Min + 25% Org, (4) 50% Min +50% Org, (5) 25% Min +75% Org + (6) (control) without fertilizer. Mineral fertilization (NPK) showed the highest values of both vegetative and chemical characteristics studied of Calendula officinalis var Costa yellow. Application of compost at the rate of 25% or 50% showed closer values to those obtained by the recommended dose of NPK. Thus, possibility of replacing mineral fertilizers to reduce environmental impact can be substituted by 25% to 50% compost.

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An experiment field were carried out in Aswan governorate, Egypt, during the two consecutive of seasons 20.17 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization and sowing date on: plant vegetation, yield and leaves chemical constituents of moringa plant. The organic fertilizers were farmyard manure (FYM), compost (COM) and poultry manure (PM). The results showed that, generally, organic fertilization improved growth characters, yield as well as N, P and K percentages in leaves. Whereas, the highest N, P and K contents leave were recorded when poultry manure added at 10 m 3 /feddan rate (feddan = 4200 m² = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres). .

Carbohydrate reserves are major substrates for cold hardiness and respiration during winter and for early growth during the following season for most woody plants. In apple, carbohydrate reserve accumulation occurs mainly in late summer and autumn as temperature and photoperiod decrease. However, information on the response of reserve carbohydrate accumulation and photosynthate partitioning into sorbitol, sucrose, and starch in apple to decreasing temperature and photoperiod is limited. One-year-old `Gala' apple plants were grown in controlled environments at 26 °C and 16-h photoperiod for 50 d and then either remained in 26 °C/16 h or were subjected to a lower temperature and shorter photoperiod for 28 d that resulted in four treatments of 26 °C/16h (HT/LD), 26 °C/8h (HT/SD), 13 °C/16h (LT/LD), 13 °C/8h (LT/SD). Newly fixed 14C-photosynthates and reserve carbohydrates were analyzed in leaves, stems, and roots. Leaf photosynthesis and plant growth parameters were also examined. The LT treatments inhibited plant shoot growth and leaf initiation rates while SD treatments had little additive effect. Plants with LD treatments had greater specific leaf weight, but decreased photosynthetic rates compared to SD regimes. A decrease in temperature altered partitioning of newly fixed 14C-photosynthates into sorbitol, sucrose, and starch and carbohydrate accumulation in various plant organs. Low temperature effects were modified by photoperiod.