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By using a sensitive fluorimetric assay of NAD+ glycohydrolase (EC 3.2.2.6), we showed that calf spleen cells are able to hydrolyse 1,N6-etheno-NAD+ given in the medium. The observed rates of substrate hydrolysis and product accumulation in the medium are equivalent. Moreover, the splenocytes are able to cleave the nicotinamide-ribose bond of a water-soluble polymer of NAD+, and their NAD+ glycohydrolase activity is fully inhibited by a high-molecular-weight Blue Dextran. Selective permeation of the cellular membrane digitonin revealed an intracellular pool of NAD+ glycohydrolase, which accounts for 25% of the total activity. We conclude that NAD+ glycohydrolase associated with the splenocytes has the characteristics of an ecto-enzyme.

By screening an expression library of the yeast form of Candida albicans with a serum directed against whole fungal cells, a cDNA (2,325 bp) encoding a stress protein of C. albicans was cloned and sequenced. The cloned sequence (CaRLV130) identified a single open reading frame with a length of 1,968 bp coding for a protein containing 656 amino acid residues (70 kDa). The deduced amino acid sequence was 84% similar to the sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SSA1 gene, which encodes one member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) family. The relevant gene (C. albicans HSP70 gene [CaHSP70]) was localized on the highest-M r (R1; approximately 3.8 Mb) chromosome of C. albicans as determined by pulse-field electrophoresis. CaHSP70 was expressed after heat shock, as demonstrated by Northern (RNA) blotting and reverse transcriptase-PCR with specific pairs of oligonucleotide sequences and gene probes. A recombinant protein was obtained in Escherichia coli after cloning of the full coding sequence into the BamHI site of the pDS56/RBSII6xhisE ؊ plasmid and purification by nickel chelate affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein (6xhis-CaHsp70) was efficiently recognized in immunoblots by a monoclonal antibody directed against a common epitope of eukaryotic Hsp70 proteins, as well as by sera from normal human subjects. Moreover, immune mouse sera against the purified recombinant protein recognized native, heat-inducible constituents with sizes of around 70 kDa in whole-cell protein extracts of C. albicans. Overall, our data demonstrate that CaHSP70 encodes one member of a family of proteins (Hsp70) which usually represent highly conserved immunodominant antigens of infectious agents.

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