These data demonstrate the efficacy of vapor heating in inactivating high-titer HAV after the spiking of plasma products with virus. This study confirms and explains the results of controlled clinical trials and long-term clinical usage with respect to the lack of HAV transmission by such vapor-heated products.
Summary Groups of pregnant sows were experimentally infected with a low virulent HC field strain at gestation days 40, 70, and 90. The over‐all incidence of HC‐infected piglets at delivery was 45%. Most of the viraemic newborn belonged to the second infection group in which sows were infected at day 70 of gestation. The number of stillborn, mummified, and aborted foetuses was highest in the early infection group and decreased in the middle and late infection groups. Most of the weak piglets that died within the first week were born from sows infected at day 70. Clinical signs included tremor in 5 piglets and skin cyanosis in persistently viraemic piglets. Six piglets showed marked runting, with growth retardation, dermatitis, and cyanosis of the skin. In HC‐infected piglets there was a significantly faster degradation of the passively acquired colostral IgG. At the time of the physiological minimum the IgG and IgM content in the serum of viraemic piglets was significantly below that of virus‐free animals. Persistently infected and runting piglets showed active IgM synthesis but no IgG synthesis. In runting piglets the thymus was severely atrophic due to depletion of thymic lymphocytes. Lymphocyte depletion was also a feature in peripheral lymphoid organs, i. e. spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils. Zusammenfassung Experimentelle transplazentare Übertragung des Virus der Europäischen Schweinepest bei Schweinen V. Immunpathologische Befunde bei neugeborenen Schweinen Gruppen tragender Sauen wurden am 40., 70. oder 90. Trächtigkeitstag mit einem „schwach virulenten” Schweinepest‐Feldstamm infiziert. Von den geborenen Ferkeln waren durchschnittlich 45% zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt virämisch. Die meisten virämischen Ferkel stammten von Sauen, die um den 70. Trächtigkeitstag infiziert worden waren. Die Rate an totgeborenen, mumifizierten oder abortierten Feten war hingegen in der frühen Infektionsgruppe am höchsten und nahm bei späterem Infektionszeitpunkt ab. Lebensschwache Ferkel, die innerhalb der ersten Lebenswoche verstarben, wurden zumeist von den am 70. Tag der Trächtigkeit infizierten Sauen geboren. An klinischen Symptomen wurden ein Tremor bei fünf Ferkeln und ausgeprägte Zyanose der Haut von Ohren und Extremitätenspitzen gefunden. Sechs Ferkel zeigten ausgeprägtes Kümmern verbunden mit Dermatitis und Akrenzyanose. Bei den virämischen Ferkeln wurde ein signifikant schnellerer Verbrauch des kolostral erworbenen IgG beobachtet. Zum Zeitpunkt des physiologischen Minimalgehalts an IgG und IgM waren bei virämischen Tieren die Serumspiegel beider Immunglobulin‐Klassen vermindert. Kümmernde Ferkel mit persistierender Virämie zeigten danach eine aktive Synthese von IgM, nicht aber von IgG. Die Kümmerer zeigten ferner eine durch lymphozytäre Depletion bedingte hochgradige Thymusatrophie, mit einer entsprechenden Lymphozyten‐Depletion der sekundären lymphatischen Organe Milz, Lymphknoten und Tonsille. Résumé Transmission transplacentaire expérimentale du virus de la peste porcine européenne chez des porcs V. Résultats immunpath...
Culturas de tecido de embrião de galinha foram contaminadas com Schizotrypanum de diversas procedências. Serviram como material de contaminação, culturas em tubos de agar-sangue e em um caso sangue parasitado de cobaia. Os transplantes de tecidos foram mantidos em cultura de acordo com a técnica de Carrel, ligeiramente modificada. Os tecidos usados foram baço, miocárdio, fígado, epitélio da iris, gânglio espinhal e monócitos do sangue de galinha adulta. Em todos estes tecidos o Schizotrypanum foi facilmente cultivado, parasitando os diferentes tipos de células existentes: fibroblastos, histiocitos, macrófagos, células epiteliais, células nervosas, etc. Os autores puderam seguir o ciclo completo do parasito, confirmando os conhecimentos clássicos da sua evolução no tecido: transformação em leishmânia, multiplicação por divisão binária, transformação em critídia e finalmente em tripanosoma adulto. Também observaram formas parasitárias que aparentemente evoluiram diretamente da forma de leishmânia à de tripanosoma, sem passar por critídia. Conseguiu-se a infecção de um camondongo inoculado com S. cruzi de origem humana passado por cultura de tecidos. Os autores também estudam diferentes fenômenos observados nas relações entre as células e os parasitos.
Chick embryo tissue cultures were smeared with Schizotrypanum from different sources. The cultures were inoculated with flagellates from blood-agar cultures and in one instance from blood of an infected guinea-pig. Carrel’s technique of tissue culture, with slight modifications, was employed. The tissue used were spleen, myocardium, liver, epithelium of the iris, spinal ganglion and monocytes from chicken blood. In all these tissues the flagellate developed easily, parasitizing different types of cells: fibroblasts, histiocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, cells of the nervous system, etc. The authors were able to follow the complete cycle of the parasite, observing its classic evolution: transformation into leishmania, multiplication by binary division, transformation into crithidia and finally into trypanosome. They also observed forms of the parasite which possibly developed directly from leishmania to trypanosome without apparently going through the crithidia stage. They succeeded in infecting a white mouse with a human strain of S. cruzi after passage through tissue culture. The authors also pointed out different phenomena observed in the relations between the cells and the parasites
Summary Intranasal exposure of sows to Hog Cholera virus (HCV) strain Glentorf between the 68th and 88th day of gestation resulted in 8 of 10 gilts in transplacental virus transmission and consequently in the appearance of viremia in piglets. Of 37 fetuses born alive in litters successfully infected via the transplacental route 30 proved to be viremic and died within 1 to 8 weeks post partum. The number of fetuses not infected while belonging to infected litters was highest in the group of sows inoculated on days 87 to 88 of gestation. These animals, after a continuous decrease of maternal antibody, developed neutralizing antibody titers to HCV. A rise of the mean titer curve commenced at an age of about 7 weeks when the maternally derived neutralizing antibody titers measured about 1:160. These piglets acquired the infection by horizontal transmission of HCV from their viremic and virus‐excreting litter mates without showing any signs of illness. In comparison, piglets in uninfected litters showed the expected decrease in antibody titers without rise until the end of the observation period. From the results presented it is concluded that they justify serological surveys using a neutralization test or a comparable test procedure in order to detect pig herds with hitherto unrecognized HCV infection. Zusammenfassung Experimentelle transplazentare Übertragung von Schweinepestvirus in Schweinen IV. Virologische und serologische Untersuchungen an neugeborenen Ferkeln Intranasale Inokulation des Virus der Europäischen Schweinepest (ESP), Stamm Glentorf, zwischen dem 68. und 88. Trächtigkeitstag führte bei 8 von 10 Erstlingssauen zur transplazentaren Virusübertragung mit dem Auftreten virämischer Ferkel. Von 37 lebend geborenen Feten in Würfen, die transplazentar infiziert worden waren, erwiesen sich 30 als virämisch und starben innerhalb von einer bis 8 Wochen post partum. Die Zahl der Nichtinfizierten in infizierten Würfen war am höchsten in der Gruppe jener Sauen, die am 87.–88. Tage der Trächtigkeit inokuliert wurden. Diese Tiere entwickelten nach Abfall der maternalen Antikörper neutralisierende Antikörper gegen ESP‐Virus. Der Anstieg der mittleren Titerkurven begann etwa in der 7. Lebenswoche, als die maternalen neutralisierenden Antikörper einen Titer von etwa 1:160 aufwiesen. Diese Ferkel erwarben die Infektion ohne irgendwelche Krankheitserscheinungen durch horizontale Übertragung von ESP‐Virus von ihren virämischen, virusausscheidenden Wurfgeschwistern. Dazu im Vergleich zeigten Ferkel aus nichtinfizierten Würfen erwartungsgemäß einen Abfall der Antikörpertiter ohne Anstieg bis zum Ende der Beobachtungszeit. Aus den vorgelegten Ergebnissen wurde geschlossen, daß serologische Übersichtsuntersuchungen unter Verwendung des Neutralisationstests oder eines vergleichbaren Verfahrens gerechtfertigt sind, um Schweineherden mit bislang unerkannten ESP‐Infektionen zu entlarven. Résumé Transmission transplacentaire expérimentale du virus de la peste porcine chez des porcs IV. Recherches virologiques et sérologiques chez ...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.