No abstract

Radiostrontium, radiocesium and macromineral concentrations were measured in metatarsal or metacarpal bones from 78 reindeer (59 calves and 19 adults) in the Vågå reindeer herding district in Southern Norway. Samples were collected in the period August 1988 to May 1989. Radiocesium concentrations increased from August through the winter. Radiostrontium varied slightly around an average value 1810 Bq/kg DM. Mg concentrations decreased through the winter, the concentrations of other minerals and bone density showed only small variations. No signs of mineral deficiencies were observed. It is concluded that radiostrontium mainly originated from the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

Radiostrontium, radiocesium og stabile mineraler in reinknokler fra Vågå, Norge

Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Innhold av radiostrontium, radiocesium og makromineraler ble målt i reinsdyrknokler (metatarsus og metacarpus) innsamlet fra 78 dyr (59 kalver og 19 voksne) tilhørende Vågå tamreinlag. Prøvene ble samlet i perioden august 1988 til mai 1989. Innholdet av radiocesium økte fra august og gjennom vinteren, mens innholdet av radiostrontium var temmelig konstant (1810 Bq/ kg tørrstoff). Magnesium innholdet avtok gjennom vinteren, mens innholdet av andre mineraler samt knoklenes tetthet varierte lite. Det ble ikke observert noen tegn på mineralmangel. Mesteparten av det radioaktive strontium kom fra atomkraftulykken i Tsjernobyl.

‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starking Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing 9 (M 9) rootstock were planted in 1956 in alternate rows 4.57 m (15 ft) apart, with in-row spacings of 1.22, 1.83 and 2.44 m (4, 6, and 8 ft). Average annual yield was higher at the closest spacing (1794 trees/ha) during the entire 18 years of the test. The pattern of yield was similar for the 2 cultivars but was higher for ‘Golden Delicious’ because of the lower fruit set of ‘Starking’ in some years due to adverse weather. Pruning during the last 6 years of the test was done by mechanical shearing of tops and sides, with no detailed pruning within the fruiting wall. This type of pruning on dwarf trees resulted in adequate fruit size, color, and quality with normal fruit thinning practices.

Considerable work has been done on the effects of gibberellins on parthenocarpic set and growth of apple fruits. Bukovac (1) has reviewed the literature in this field and has presented further evidence that seedless fruits induced to set by gibberellins A3 and A4 (GA3 and GA4) are distinctly more elongate than normal seeded fruits. More recently Dennis and Edgerton (2) found that GA made seeded fruits of one variety of apple more elongate than controls, although shape was not altered on several other varieties. Westwood and Blaney (6) reported several factors other than applied GA that also affected apple shape. Among these were crop density (i.e. leaf: fruit ratio), varietal strain, cluster position, and rootstock. To further study the effect of GA on fruit shape without confounding it with seedlessness, a test was set up using seeded fruits in which crop density and rootstock were held constant.

Repeated winter rain or water soaking in the laboratory reduced the time required for breaking winter rest of ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) and ‘Starkrimson’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Possibly a water soluble inhibitor is leached from the buds.