Analysis of medication administration rounds found time errors to be the most common medication error.

e43 vs. PsA63% and 37%). The longest duration of biologic therapy was in AS patients (47 months). Regardless of diagnosis, 31% patients required switching to another biological due to non efficacy (94, 1%). TNFα inhibitors were switched in 73% cases and etanercept in 27% patients. Seven patients discontinued treatment due to complete remission, serious infection, chemotherapy, cerebrovascular insult, newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder, moving to another city and private reason. There were 21 adverse drug reactions: infections ( 16), leucopenia and anemia (4) and pharyngeal carcinoma (1). Conclusion: Six biologic agents with different mechanism of action (TNFα inhibitors (4), anti-CD20 (1) and IL6 inhibitor (1)) are used in treatment of RA. For AS and PsA, four TNFα inhibitors were used what is in accordance with Croatian clinical practice guidelines. More frequent switching between different TNFα inhibitors is consistent with similar reports.

Background: The Pakistanis constitute a big immigrant population in Oslo with a high prevalence of diabetes. The aim of the project was to study challenges Norwegian GPs experience with non-western immigrants, and what knowledge diabetic Pakistani women have about their disease, and their need for information. Material and Methods: The material was 22 ethnic Norwegian GPs with many immigrant patients, and 125 diabetic Pakistani women (29-80 y old), recruited through mosques and female networks. All participants were interviewed personally with structured questionnaires; the women in their homes. Approval was obtained from the Norwegian Social science data services. Results: The main obstacle for the GPs was language. Consequently it was difficult to diagnose and to explain drug treatment. The main chronic disease was diabetes. The doctors could see from blood levels how drug adherence decreased during Ramadan. The language was the main challenge also for the patients, even with an average stay of 30 years in Norway. Seventy percent had to be interviewed in Urdu; 27% were illiterates. Almost 40% reported poor/very poor health status. Above half did not know their type of diabetes. The treatment was tablets for 70%, insulin for 4% and both medication forms for 24%. Twenty-five percent altered their medication intake during Ramadan. Macrovascular diseases were widely spread among all ages. Number of meals per day was too low according to guidelines. Two third admitted high calorie intakes between meals. Physical activity was reported by 46%. The majority could only benefit from oral information, and in Urdu. Most participants primarily missed information about the drugs they were using. Conclusion: The study shows how cultural and religious barriers prevent Norwegian doctors to have a good communication with non-Western patients and also how difficult it is for diabetic Pakistani women to get the right information about their disease. Background: Prescription errors in the hospital can lead to preventable harm to patients. These events are often caused by NSAIDs, anticoagulants, diuretics, antibiotics and opioids. Especially patients on surgical departments are at risk, since patients with complex co-morbidities in complex situations are treated by physicians who have had no specific additional training on prescribing. The hospital pharmacist has an important role to safeguard patients for medication errors. Material and Methods: The P-REVIEW study is an open intervention study with a before after design that introduces a structured education program on pain management, anticoagulants, fluid and electrolyte management and antibiotics for prescribing physicians on surgical departments of large community hospitals. In addition a weekly structured medication review is performed by hospital pharmacists on high risk surgical patients and discussed with the physician (assistant) on the ward. Risk assessment is based on pain medication, anticoagulant therapy and comorbidities (for example, heart and renal failure). The aim...