Oil seeds are a natural source of phytochemicals with high nutritional value. The present study aims to evaluate for the first time the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, as well as the physicochemical properties, fatty acid compositions, total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tocopherol contents of Algerian Prunus amygdalus var. amara cold-pressed oil. Bitter almond produces seeds that yield 35.5% of oil. It was characterized by a high saponification index of 215.94 mg KOH g −1 of oil, a peroxide value of 7.74 meq O 2 kg of oil, a K 232 of 2.612, and a K 270 of 0.39. This oil represented a valuable source of healthy fatty acids. GC-MS analysis revealed oleic (68.27%) and linoleic (16.14%) as the main fatty acids. α-Tocopherol (85.77 mg/kg) was found to be the major component. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 21.94 ± 0.29 and 21.52 ± 0.14 µg/mL, respectively. The oil showed good antioxidant activity (A 0.50 = 34 ± 0.44 μg/ mL) using the CUPRAC assay and modest activity with DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and β-carotene assays, respectively. BAO (bitter almond oil) displayed the most promising α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities compared to acarbose as a reference molecule and moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. Moreover, BAO demonstrated in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to that of diclofenac sodium. These effects were confirmed by histological examinations. Overall, our results showed that BAO has a strong potential to design new industrial preparations with nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.

No abstract

This work has focused on phytochemical screening of the Common WalnutJuglans regiaL. leaves, and biological tests: antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the aqueous extracts (infusion, crude) of the common walnuts leaves that we’ve picked, dried and preserved. An ethnobotanical survey in Blida region has been achieved, where it has been concluded that the inhabitants of this region use the common walnuts leaves in their daily care, and the various organs of the Common walnut are widely used as well. The phytochemical screening based on specific tests helped to highlight the presence of the main secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, free quinones, anthocyanins and saponins, which could be responsible for the biological properties. The antimicrobial study was conducted on bacterial strains and a yeast showed that both aqueous (infusion, crude) extracts have antibacterial effect against certain bacterial strains:Staphylococcus aureus(40.43 mm),Staphylococcus epidermidis(35.36 mm),Sarcina lutea(31, 17 mm), respectively, and an inhibitory effect only for the crude aqueous extract ofEschirichia coli(12 mm),Klebsiella pneumoniae(12 mm), for against these two extracts were proved to be inactive forCandida albicans.In addition, the study of antioxidant activity by the method of reduction of iron (FRAP) and the method of reduction of free radical (DPPH) has revealed an average rate of aqueous extract (infusion) compared with that of ascorbic acid and rutin respectively. With an EC50 of the aqueous extract and rutin which equal to 0.18 and 0.017 mg/ml respectively. According to these results we confirm some information obtained during the ethnobotanical survey and thatJuglans regiaL. is endowed with an antimicrobial and antioxidant power.

L’objectif assigné à la présente étude est d’élaborer une solution antiseptique à base d’extrait éthanolique des feuilles du noyer (Juglans regia (L.)) et d’évaluer le potentiel antibiofilm in vitro des souches staphylocoques incriminées dans les infections ostéoarticulaires sur matériel (IOAM) en chirurgie orthopédique postopératoire. L’extrait éthanolique de Juglans regia (L.) a été incorporé comme un principe actif antimicrobien dans la formulation de la solution antiseptique 2 %. Quatorze souches de Staphylococcus aureus ont été collectées sur pus de plaies postopératoires, chez des sujets victimes d’une fracture osseuse, bénéficiant d’une prothèse et/ou d’un matériel d’ostéosynthèse (fixateur externe, vis, clou, plaque vissée). La méthode de la plaque à microtitration a été utilisée pour évaluer la capacité des souches pathogènes prélevées de produire le biofilm. Le potentiel antibiofilm de la solution antiseptique 2 % a été réalisé par la technique de dilution en milieu liquide pour la détermination de la concentration minimale inhibitrice de biofilm (CMIB). La CMIB a mis en évidence un effet antibiofilm remarquable. Une CMIB mesurée à 6,25 % (v/v) a manifesté un degré de sensibilité antibiofilm efficace in vitro sur 92,86 % des souches. Face à l’efficacité de la solution antiseptique 2 % sur les germes incriminés dans les IOAM, son utilisation comme un produit naturel, sans effets indésirables pour les soins locaux et la désinfection cutanée postchirurgicale, semble prometteuse dans la lutte contre les infections.