A technique was developed to produce ice containing a fine uniform dispersion of amorphous silica particles. Rates of creep in tension of dispersions with ½- and 1-volume % silica in ice were measured in the temperature range of −22 to −2°C and in the stress range of 4.64–17.8 bar and compared with those of pure ice. The silica dispersion strongly decreases creep in ice, resulting in steady-state creep rates in a 1-volume % dispersion 10–30 times slower than in pure ice. The activation energy for steady-state creep in dispersion-strengthened ice calculated from the temperature dependence of the creep rate is stress dependent with an average value of 97 kcal/mole, 6–7 times that for self-diffusion in pure ice. The steady-state creep rate increases exponentially with stress. This behavior differs from that of metallic coarse-grained dispersion-strengthened materials, in which the creep rate is proportional to a power of the stress and the activation energy is stress independent and equal to that for the self-diffusivity of the matrix metal. It is suggested that this unexpected behavior is due to particle-matrix decohesion in the ice-silica system, which interferes with the normal blockage of dislocation motion by second-phase particles during creep.
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