Influence of synthesis temperature and reaction time on structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The XRD pattern and HR-TEM images confirmed the presence of crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with average crystallite size in the range 30-40 nm. Their energy gap determined by fluorescence was found to depend on the synthesis temperature and reaction time with values in the range 2.90-3.78 eV. Thermal analysis, thermogravimetric (TG) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the thermal reactions and weight loss with heat of the prepared ZnO nanoparticles.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by modified hydrothermal method at 160 o C under different reaction times. The analysis of the XRD pattern lines is considered a simple and effective method in estimating the crystallite size and the corresponding lattice strain. Xray patterns were analyzed using Scherrer method and Williamson-Hall treatment to determine the crystallite size and the lattice strain. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with average crystallite size in the range 30-36 nm with different reaction times. ZnO nanoparticles were also characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy and thermal analysis.