This paper describes how differential GPS (DGPS) and miniature, low-cost Integrity Beacon pseudolites were used to carry out 110 successful automatic landings of a United Airlines Boeing 737 aircraft. These autopilot-in-the-loop flight tests using GPS Integrity Beacons (low-power, ground-based marker beacon pseudolites placed under the approach path) furnished evidence that GPS can provide the full performance necessary to meet the stringent specifications of Category III. The built-in geometrical redundancy provided by Integrity Beacon ranging is coupled with centimeter-level accuracy to provide the system integrity. This integritycalculated to be better than one part in a billion probability of missed detectionis achieved independently from ground-based monitors using receiver autonomous integrity monitoring @AIM).

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This paper describes how differential GPS (DGPS) and miniature, low-cost Integrity Beacon pseudolites were used to carry out 110 successful automatic landings of a United Airlines Boeing 737 aircraft. These autopilot-in-the-loop flight tests using GPS Integrity Beacons (low-power, ground-based marker beacon pseudolites placed under the approach path) furnished evidence that GPS can provide the full performance necessary to meet the stringent specifications of Category III. The built-in geometrical redundancy provided by Integrity Beacon ranging is coupled with centimeter-level accuracy to provide the system integrity. This integritycalculated to be better than one part in a billion probability of missed detectionis achieved independently from ground-based monitors using receiver autonomous integrity monitoring @AIM).

A new system based on GPS Integrity Beacons (low-power pseudolite marker beacon transmitters situated underneath the approach path) has been developed to provide the highest possible performance (including accuracy, integrity, and availability) for Category III precision landing using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The landing system based on Integrity Beacons defines the Kinematic GNSS Landing System (KGLS). Two new developments are reported: fist, real-time, centimeter-level kinematic satellite positioning using the integrity beacon is evaluated in flight testing, and second, a new paradigm for real-time differential satellite positioning is introduced that eliminates the traditional data link. A special type of Integrity Beacon is the Omni Marker, which rebroadcasts each received satellite signal coherently using a new PRN code. An aircraft receiving both the direct signal and the rebroadcast is capable of differential ranging without a digital data link. The latency associated with traditional differential positioning is completely eliminated.