Thirty-four pregnant wild sows and their unborn progeny derived from an endemically infected population in the district of Nordvorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) were investigated for classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and antibodies. During the last 2.5 years of the epidemic, 20 out of 34 pregnant wild sows investigated were serologically positive. No CSFV or viral RNA was detected in organs derived from these animals and their progeny. This indicates that young wild boars persistently infected by transplacental virus transmission do not play a crucial role in the perpetuation of CSFV in wild boar. Other factors seem to be more important for the establishment of CSF as well as for virus perpetuation in the population.

The aim of this study was to evaluate if oral immunisation of wild sows protects the fetuses from transplacental infection. Two experiments were carried out with gilts vaccinated orally with C-strain virus approximately 5 weeks after insemination. They were challenged at mid-gestation with highly virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) or moderately virulent field virus. The results revealed that oral vaccination has no negative impact on the pregnancy, and all vaccinated sows developed neutralising antibodies. After infection no symptoms were detected in the six vaccinated-infected sows. Challenge virus could neither be found in blood, nasal and fecal swabs or saliva nor in organs sampled at necropsy. Likewise, all fetuses originating from vaccinated sows were virologically and serologically negative. In contrast, the controls developed a short viremia and as a result of the transplacental infection all fetuses were CSFV positive. In addition, 22 serologically positive wild sows of an endemically infected area, where oral vaccination had also been carried out, and their offspring were free from CSFV or viral RNA. Our results confirm that oral immunisation of pregnant wild sows with C-strain vaccine may protect the fetuses against CSF.

Active transmission of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was studied in six birds (five ravens, one hooded crow) and two laying hens. Cloacal swabs, blood and organs of birds and hens as well as blood and organ samples of pigs which had been fed with faeces derived from CSFV infected birds or which had come in contact with faeces of infected hens were negative for CSFV. None of the animals seroconverted during the study. This result demonstrates that active virus transmission by these animals is unlikely. Dissemination of CSFV from wild boar to domestic pigs is discussed.

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Die tuberkulöse Erkrankung der Halslymphknoten ist eines der umstrittensten Gebiete innerhalb der Tuberkulose. In gleicher Weise bemühen sich Chirurgen, Laryngólogen und Dermatologen um die Verbesserung der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten.Man kann heute nicht mehr, wie noch C a lv é gesagt hat, behaupten, daß es sich bei der Halslymphknotentuberkulose um ein Stiefkind in der Forschung handelt. Seit langem hat man erkannt, weich große Rolle sie spielt, einmal für die Ätiologie des Lupus vulgaris (K a 1ko f f), aber auch für den Ablauf des Krankheitsgeschehens bei anderen Manifestationen der Tuberkulose, die oft gleichzeitig bestehen (W il k j n s o n). Interessant sind in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Untersuchungen von A a r e E 11 o n e n, der Foci innerhalb des lymphatischen Systems des Nasen-und Rachenraumes für die Mehrzahl aller Streuungen in Knochen und Gelenke verantwortlich macht. Die heute noch vielfach gdübte Polypragmasie