SUMMARY— The characteristic seasoning flavor of hydrolyzed vegetable proteins has previously been attributed to α‐ketobutyric acid formed from threonine under the conditions of acid‐hydrolysis. However, pure α‐ketobutyric acid is virtually odorless and tasteless, and it develops the characteristic flavor only upon ageing. The true flavoring principle is probably α‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl‐Δ.α,β‐γ‐hexenolactone, which is formed from the acid by dimerization, lactonization, and decarboxylation. This conversion occurs spontaneously, but is greatly accelerated under acidic conditions.

SUMMARY A 34 year old female long distance runner is reported with bloody diarrhoea. Colonoscopy revealed patchy haemorrhagic mucosal lesions throughout the colon. The most extensive lesions were found in the sigmoid colon. Histologic examination disclosed mucosal haemorrhage, dilated capillaries, patchy fibrosis and superficial erosions. Additional findings in this patient were haemorrhagic gastritis, microscopic haematuria and rhabdomyolysis. The only medication taken by the patient was oral contraceptives. We conclude that ischaemic colitis is one of the possible mechanisms leading to gastrointestinal blood loss in competitive runners.Abdominal discomfort and alteration in gastrointestinal function are common in runners. Twenty five per cent of runners had abdominal cramps or diarrhoea in association with competitive running.' Although occult gastrointestinal bleeding seems to be quite common2" bloody diarrhoea remains a rare event.' The pathophysiology of gastrointestinal bleeding during physical exercise is poorly understood, but bowel ischaemia has been proposed as a possible mechanism.2"' We report on a female long distance runner with a bloody diarrhoea syndrome caused by acute ischaemic colitis.Case report A 34 year old female long distance runner was referred to our hospital because of bloody diarrhoea. She competed in a 15 km mountain race; the altitude ranged between 540 and 870 m and the temperature was 14 to 18°C. At 10 km she experienced generalised severe crampy abdominal pains, forcing her to stop the race. During the next hour she noted bloody red stools, over the next few hours she subsequently vomited and noted small portions of blood. The same day she was referred for clinical evaluation. The patient had been in good health all

Tumor ingrowth is not a major cause of stent obstruction.

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The fraction of the free basic amino acids in the lentil seed was shown to contain gamma-hydroxyarginine, gamma-hydroxyornithine and homoarginine besides the common amino acids. Similar distribution was found in 5 varieties of lentil, with hydroxyarginine and arginine dominating. The significance of these findings with regard to chemotaxonomy and lentil consumption is discussed.