Polyurethane foam (PU foam) is a new material which is being used in producing both macro-anatomical and micro-anatomical specimens. PU foam is simple to use, without need for special equipment. The present study was carried out to evaluate morphology of coronary sinus and its tributaries. During the study, we encountered few problems in carrying out injections. Coronary sinus and its tributaries were difficult to cannulate since the coronary sinus lacks a vascular stem, around which ligature can be tied before injection so that the cannula can be held in place. In contrast, in majority of the organs it is easy to inject since they possess tubular vascular stem to hold the cannula in place. A new device was developed which could be used to cannulate coronary sinus orifice to inject the casting media. The second problem we faced was saponification of adipose tissue. This made corrosion of the soft tissue difficult. Hence in this study, we describe the device we have developed to place in the coronary sinus orifice, and how saponified adipose tissue was taken care during the actual maceration step.

Background: The triangle of Brocq and Mouchet is an arteriovenous triangle between the anterior interventricular artery, circumflex artery and the great cardiac vein. The vascular triangle has been classified into 4 types viz. closed, superiorly opened, inferiorly opened and completely opened or absent. Polyurethane foam is a new material used in corrosion casting. It is economical, easy to carry out and does not require special apparatus. Context and purpose of the study: a) To study the relationship of the Great cardiac vein (GCV) in the triangle of Brocq and Mouchet in human hearts using PU foam for corrosion cast. b) To study the relationship of GCV in relation to the arteries forming the triangle. Results: The triangle was present in 98% of the hearts. Relationship of GCV in triangle of Brocq and Mouchet: Inferiorly open type of Triangle was the most common (87.5%). Next common type was, closed type (6.7%). In relation to GCV relation with the arteries in the triangle, it was to the left of AIA in 87.51% and crosses circumflex artery, either superficially or deep.The GCV crossing anterior interventricular artery was found in few specimens. It crossed the artery superficially or deeply. The intertwining type of variation was observed in few casts, and could not be placed under any classification as suggested by previous authors. Conclusion:The topography of the Great cardiac vein and its variations are significant in relation to the arteries in the region. It is relevant in interventional cardiology, radiology, and catheter-based procedures.

Variants in brachial plexus and its branches are significant in everyday clinical practice. During student dissection, we came across multiple variations of lateral cord, and its branches on the left arm of a male embalmed cadaver. The lateral cord was found to pierce coracobrachialis which divided into lateral root of median nerve and musculocutaneous. There was a presence of third head of biceps brachii and also communication between median and musculocutaneous nerves. This knowledge with regard to multiple variations is important in nerve blocks, compression syndromes in the axilla and arm as well as flap surgeries. Hence the present case is being reported.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the commonly injured ligaments of the knee joint due to sports activities. Because of the poor healing capacity of the ACL, surgical treatment for ACL injuries was followed for many years. Therefore, understanding the structural knowledge of the ACL will help in reproduce the native ACL. Objectives: To improve the histological knowledge of ACL and to understand the valuation of histology of ACL attachment to the bone. Subjects and Methods: PubMed and Google search was used as a search engine to collect the concerned articles that describing the histology of ACL. The key words were ACL, histology, Ultrastructure. Results: Ultrastructure of ACL observed from proximal to distal attachments showed the more complicated and complex arrangement of collagen bundles with interspersed cells in between. Ultrastructure of ACL also should be borne in mind before preparing ACL grafts. Conclusion: ACL has complex histological structure. It is essential to consider the details of the ACL histological structure in ACL reconstruction surgeries to restore its full functionality. This review may be useful as a reference to investigate the mechanical properties of ACL footprint.

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