This paper uses the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) approach to conduct a risk analysis, and the reliability approach to determine the level of reliability of critical components of boiler sections in steam power plants. The critical components of the boiler will be identified failure modes, causes of failures and effects of failures, and then assess the severity, occurrence and detection to get a risk priority number (RPN). The critical boiler component with the highest risk is calculated for reliability. The results of this paper show the highest risk found in the four critical components of the boiler, namely cyclone separators, primary air fan (PA fan), coal feeder, and induced draft fan (ID fan). While the reliability calculation results of the four components, the average reliability value obtained is below fifty percent, or including low. The results of risk and reliability analysis that recommend to minimize risk and improve the reliability of critical components in the boiler using diagnostic methods, conducting preventive controls, using visual management techniques, using sensors to distinguish failures, and carrying out preventive and scheduled maintenance to prevent unexpected outages in the generating system.

This research uses lean manufacturing approach and mapping the production line of a product which includes material and information from each work activity using value stream mapping method to minimize waste. Problems faced by oil palm companies can be seen in more detail in the sorting process. The company does not realize that there are many ways of working that can be improved to become more effective and efficient, from checking to grouping the quality standards of palm oil. The sorting activities are carried out from weighing FFB to selecting the quality of oil palm. The results of this study showed that the value-added activity was 69.9920863 minutes with a process cycle efficiency rate of 27.392122%. After repairs were made, it was found that the activity of moving the palm fruit to the sorting station, the palm fruit waiting to be unloaded from the truck, the palm fruit being unloaded and sorted from the truck in the palm sorting process is an activity that has no added value, so it needs to be improved. The improvement results show an increase in process cycle efficiency to 46.909592%.

This paper uses break-even analysis to determine the cost of producing patchouli oil in Kete Nilam Hijo (KNH). KNH is an industry engaged in the refining process of patchouli oil, located in South Aceh Regency, Indonesia. One obstacle faced by the KNH is that the costs of producing patchouli oil are not yet known. So far, KNH has never made economic calculations in producing patchouli oil. KNH only relies on production based on profit so that profits are not maximized and always fluctuates. In addition, the break-even point for the production of patchouli oil is also not known with certainty. To determine the break-even point, total costs and total revenue will be calculated first. This research was conducted in several stages, namely preliminary study, data collection, data processing, analysis of results, and finally concluding the results of the study. The results showed that the total production cost of patchouli oil refining at KNH in one year was 1,120,018,250 rupiah. Meanwhile, KNH had to sell 1,600 kilograms of patchouli oil to break-even.

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