No abstract

The R a m a n spectrum (frequency shifts and polarization) has been determined of liquid C, C& which was prepared for the first time by P r i n s, and has the probable structure of hexachlorocyclopentadiene, according to its chemical properties. The polarization measurements are rather incomplete, owing to the strong absorption in the blue region of the spectrum, extending until about lo00 a -1 beyond 4358 in the direction of longer wave-lengths. Strong evidence is present in favour of this C,Cl, possessing the structure of hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Probably it has the symmetry C,, with a plane ring. Values for the valency vibrations of the ring in C,Cl, are given.In a series of yet unpublished investigations on the synthesis of polychloro compounds performed by the second of us 1). hexachloropropylene CCl, = = CCl . CCl, was condensed with dichloroethylene CHCl = CHCl by the catalytic influence of aluminium chloride. The reaction:(1) takes place. Upon further treatment with the same catalyst one molecule of HCl is split off from ( I ) , cyclisation takes place at the same time and the following compound is obtained. Cl2can lose hvdrochloric acid and is then partially or wholly compound in all probability possesses C5C16, as proved by an elemenky analysis, which the structural formulaPhysical constants: melting point about -77' 2 ) : nD,5 1.5614; d,25 1.7019. Raman effect.The investigation of 111 by the physical method of the R a m a n effect is interesting as it may give additional evidence for the correctness of the formula assumed above and solve the problem of the distribution of the ring carbon atoms in space. 2) Preliminary measurements effected by Mr. B a k k e r , cand. in chemistry, to whom OUT thanks are due.

The R a m a n spectra (frequency shifts and depolarization ratios) of three cyclical compounds of formula C&l, (melting points 45", 92" and 183") are given.Indications about the structure of the three molecules could be obtained, mainly on the basis of the depolarization ratios of the two "v (C = C)" R a m a n lines belonging to each molecule and on the occurrence of other depolarized R a m a n lines in the frequency region exceeding 900 cm-1.The experimental results are satisfactorily explained by assuming the following formulae: ClC-cc12

The R a m a n frequency shifts of the two isomeric ketones C,Cl,,O of melting points 28" and 92", described for the first time by Z i n c k e and K ii s t e r in 1888, were determined by a study of the R a m a n spectra of the undercooled liquid 28" isomer. the molten 92' isomer and of solutions of both of them in carbon tetrachloride as well as in carbon disulphide. Polarization measurements for liquid 28" and for solutions of the 28' and 92' isomers in CCl, were also performed.Accelerated by the illumination, the molten 92" ketone shows an appreciable transformation in the direction of the equilibrium mixture corresponding to 28" in excess at that temperature. In undercooled liquid 28' the transformation is of subordinate degree at room temperature, even after long-continued illumination.In the solutions no conversion took place to any measurable extent, as was proved of the double bonds C = C and C = 0, which is also an argument for the structure I1 for the 28" form.

Telomer acids are synthesized by addition of acetic anhydride to a-olefins using manganese (III) acetate as a free radical initiator. The telomerization mechanism comprises initiation, propagation and termination steps. The reaction product consists of a mixture of acids having [xn + 2] carbon atoms (n: number of carbon atoms of a-olefin: x:l, 2, 3, 4 ...... ). The "first telomer" (x=l) is a linear fatty acid. Under appropriate conditions, mainly telomer acid (x:2, 3, 4 ...... ) are obtained, being a-and ?-branched monocarboxylic acids, characterized by long-chain branches. Telomer acids derived from a-olefins up to n=14 are liquids at room temperature, despite the high molecular weight. Esters of telomer acids show interesting properties in lubricant applications: low pour point, high viscosity index, low viscosity as a function of molecular weight, good thermooxidative stability and a remarkably low elastomer swell. In amino amide derivatives, the telomer acid structure gives low viscosity properties, as is, for instance, found in significant viscosity reductions by using telomer acid as coreactant in polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride-tetraethylene pentamine condensation products. Dispersancy properties of these products are retained. Telomer acid metal salts exhibit quite different solubility characteristics and rheological properties than do fatty acid salts. Calcium salts of telomer acids are readily soluble in mineral oil: the rheology of these low viscosity solutions exhibits Newtonian behavior. Solventfree magnesium salts which are liquid can be obtained. Neutral and overbased calcium salts show pour point depressing activity in paraffinic oils. For overbased calcium salts, decrease of coefficient of friction with increasing temperature has been observed.