reported VCO articles [6][7][8][9][10], allows to conclude that the circuit presented achieves the widest tuning range, covering the range from 5.97 GHz to 7.3 GHz corresponding to 20.1% and the best FOM of À183.6 while attaining comparable performance in phase noise, power consumption and chip area.
CONCLUSIONSA wider tuning range of 1.5V CMOS transformer-based LC VCO was proposed and successfully implemented in the 0.18 lm 1P6M CMOS technology. The LC tank using a decoupling transformer with two tunable varactors greatly extends the tuning range from 5.97 GHz to 7.3 GHz and achieves good performances in what concerns low supply voltage of 1.5 V, low phase noise of À110.9 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, small chip area of 0.69 Â 0.696 mm 2 , low power consumption of 9.51 mW and a better FOM of À183.6 dB.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to acknowledge Professor Ron-Yi Liu for layout guidance and the fabrication support and chip fabrication provided by National Chip Implementation Center (CIC). A quadrature CMOS VCO using transformer coupling and current reuse topology, IEICE Trans Commun E90-B (2008), 346-348. 4. H.H. Hsieh and L.H. Lu, A high-performance CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator for ultra-low-voltage operations, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 55 (2007), 467-473. 5.
A compact multi-mode bandpass filter with high selectivity and a wide stopband is proposed in this article. The quintuple-mode resonator is proposed by introducing a triple-mode resonator into a dual-mode resonator. Due to the intrinsic characteristic of the proposed resonator, two transmission zeros are created at both sides of the passband for enhancing selectivity. Furthermore, two transmission zeros are generated by the input and output feed lines, leading to sharp skirts and a wide stopband. The simulated responses show a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 25.8% at the central frequency (2.4 GHz). Measurement results agree well with the simulated results.
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