A single-junction InGaP solar cell with polystyrene (PS) nanospheres on the surface has been developed. The self-assembly of PS nanospheres is one of the simplest and the fastest methods with which to build a 2-D closely packed periodic structure. Due to the scattering of the PS nanospheres, the light path length can be increased when compared to the InGaP solar cells without PS nanospheres on the top. An increase short-circuit current from 8.93 to 10.31 mA is improved when a single-junction InGaP solar cell is coated with PS nanospheres. The conversion efficiency measured can also be improved from 8.79% to 9.71%. The single-junction InGaP solar cell with PS nanospheres was achieved.

We present a highly efficient and cost-effective watt-level deep-ultraviolet laser operating at 266 nm. Type-I phase-matching LBO crystals and type-I phase-matching BBO crystals were used for frequency doubling and fourth-harmonic generation, respectively. The highest 1.82 W average power of the 266 nm laser was obtained from nonlinear frequency conversion at a repetition rate of 30 kHz and a pump power of 18.8 W. The conversion efficiency from the diode to the deep-ultraviolet laser scales up to 10.7%. This is, to our knowledge, the highest efficiency ever reported generated from a laser diode single-end-pumped acousto-optic Q-switched system.