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Control system research is entering a new era, which may be considered a milestone in the history of Systems and Control. The traditional framework of a control system structure — i.e. plant, sensor, actuator and a controller — presents a number of limitations to some current research, i.e. (a) System to be controlled comprise network of subsystems; (b) Control task is achieved by a network of distributed local controllers (agents); (c) New research topics on control of networked behaviour, including consensus, formation and synchronisation, are clearly beyond the scope of the traditional “one controller” framework. It is worth noting that with these new trends some new concepts are emerging, e.g. consensusability, formationability, computability. The intended contributions of this paper are: (1) A new framework of control research represented by a new block diagram and its mathematical treatment. It is pointed out that, many current different studies can be considered as some special cases under this general framework; (2) a brief overview of various research fitting the proposed framework and some open questions. This paper is largely motivated by past, current and future applications of power system control, and is based on a recent invited presentation, of the first author, at a special workshop on “Bridging the Gap — Control Theory and Control Engineering Practice”