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Asthma and atopy, classically associated with hyper-activation of the T helper 2 (Th2) arm of adaptive immunity, are among the most common chronic illnesses worldwide. Emerging evidence relates atopy and asthma to the composition and function of gut microbiota composition. Moreover, certain gut microbial strains have been shown to inhibit or attenuate immune responses associated with chronic inflammation in experimental models. Although still a relatively nascent field of research, evidence to date suggests that the gut microbiome may represent fertile targets for prevention or management of allergic asthma and other diseases in which adaptive immune dysfunction is a prominent feature. The oral probiotics/prebiotic represents a possible therapeutic for improving asthma and allergic disease. Especially, recent technological developments that permit identification of microbes and their products using culture-independent molecular detection techniques. In this review, we literaturely summarise the aggravation or improvement of metabolic diseases by role of gut microbiota, probiotics/prebiotic treatment.

The transverse laser-induced thermoelectric voltages in the tilted La2−xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) thin films are observed for the first time. The detected signals are demonstrated to originate from the anisotropy of thermoelectric power and depend on the Sr-doping level drastically. The largest voltage is observed in the LSCO films at x=0.15 under the irradiation of different lasers with the wavelength in the spectrum range from infrared to ultraviolet. The dependence of the signals on Sr-doping content is associated with a two dimensional charge transport behavior in LSCO films near the optimum doping content.

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