ABSTRACT. The plant-specific AWPM-19-domain proteins play important roles in plant development and stress responses. In the current study, OsPM19L1 encoding Oryza sativa AWPM-19-like protein 1 was isolated from rice. Tissue-specific gene expression analysis revealed that OsPM19L1 was highly expressed in the leaf sheath of rice. Interestingly, expression of OsPM19L1 was high at the early stage of panicle development and decreased thereafter. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that OsPM19L1 was dramatically induced by 20% PEG stress (>600-fold), exogenous abscisic acid (>350-fold), salt and cold stress. Subcellular localization assay suggested that the OsPM19L1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein was localized in the membrane system in rice cells. Moreover, under stress conditions, OsPM19L1 expression was enhanced in an ABI5-Like1 (ABL1) deficiency rice mutant, abl1, suggesting that ABL1 negatively regulates OsPM19L1 gene expression. Thus, OsPM19L1 11995 OsPM19L1 is dramatically induced by osmotic stress in rice ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 11994-12005 (2015) appears to be closely associated with stress tolerance through ABAdependent pathway in rice.

Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy is a major problem worldwide for human and animal production. Arginine (Arg) is critical to health, growth and reproduction. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a key enzyme in arginine synthesis, is not extensively degraded in rumen. The aim of this study was to investigate ameliorating effects of rumen-protected arginine (RP-Arg) and NCG supplementation on dietary in undernourished Hu sheep during gestation. From day 35 to 110 of gestation, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin foetuses were randomly divided into four groups: a control (CG) group (n = 8; fed 100% National Research Council (NRC) requirements for pregnant sheep), a nutrient-restricted (RG) group (n = 8; fed 50% NRC requirements, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture) and two treatment (Arg and NCG) groups (n = 8; fed 50% NRC requirements supplemented with 20 g/day RP-Arg or 5 g/day NCG, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture). The umbilical venous plasma samples of foetus were tested by H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Thirty-two differential metabolites were identified, indicating altered metabolic pathways of amino acid, carbohydrate and energy, lipids and oxidative stress metabolism among the four groups. Our results demonstrate that the beneficial effect of dietary RP-Arg and NCG supplementation on mammalian reproduction is associated with complex metabolic networks.

Collective behavior of bacteria is regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Bacterial cells sense the density of the population and induce corresponding traits and developmental processes. Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a common QS signal that regulates behavior of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In spite of the plethora of processes described to be influenced by AI-2 in diverse Gram-negative bacteria, the AI-2-regulated processes in Bacilli are relatively unexplored. Previously, we demonstrated that AI-2 regulates root colonization of Bacillus velezensis SQR9, a well-studied plant beneficial rhizobacterium. Here, we describe a novel function for AI-2 in B. velezensis SQR9 related to development of dormant spores. AI-2 inhibited the initiation of spore development throught the phosphatase RapC and the DNA binding regulator ComA. Using mutant strains and protein-protein interaction studies, we demonstrate that AI-2 interacts with RapC to stimulate its binding to ComA and therefore inactive ComA. We further demonstrate that ComA is essential for Spo0A-regulated sporulation in B. velezensis SQR9. Finally, the AI-2 molecule could be shared cross species for inhibiting Bacillus sporulation. Our study revealed a novel function and regulation mechanism of AI-2 in sporulation inhibition of Bacilli that overall suggests sporulation to be a population-level decision process in Bacilli rather than just a individual cell behavior.Author summaryQuorum sensing (QS) regulates many bacterial social behavior. Bacteria cells could moniter and respond cell density by sensing the self produced QS signals. While most QS signals are unique for either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a QS signal that could produced by both bacteria groups. However, knowledge of the mechanism of AI-2 affecting bacterial behavior is poorly understood. Here, we found AI-2 inhibite Bacillus velezensis SQR9 sporulation, a generally known bacterial individual behavior. We further revealed the mechanism of AI-2 influencing sporulation of B. velezensis SQR9 was dependent on RapC and ComA. AI-2 interacts with RapC to stimulate its binding to ComA and therefore inactive ComA, and then inhibited the Spo0A-regulated sporulation. Interestingly, we show B. velezensis SQR9 could also sense the AI-2 produced by other bacteria and reduce their own sporulation. Taken together we discovered the novel function of AI-2 in sporulation, which will expand the significance of QS signal that they regulate not only social behavior but also individual behavior of bacteria.

11Leaf color mutation in sesame always affects the growth and development of plantlets, and their 12 yield. To clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf color regulation in sesame, we analyzed a 13 yellow-green leaf mutant. Genetic analysis of the mutant selfing revealed 3 phenotypes-YY, 14 light-yellow (lethal); Yy, yellow-green; and yy, normal green-controlled by an incompletely 15 dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. In YY and Yy, the number and morphological structure of the 16 chloroplast changed evidently, with disordered inner matter, and significantly decreased 17 chlorophyll content. To explore the regulation mechanism of leaf color mutation, the proteins 18 expressed among YY, Yy, and yy were analyzed. All 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) 19 were classified into 5 functional groups, in which photosynthesis and energy metabolism 20 (82.7%) occupied a dominant position. Our findings provide the basis for further molecular 21 mechanism and biochemical effect analysis of yellow leaf mutants in plants. 22 24which also contain numerous beneficial minerals, antioxidants, and multi-vitamins [1]. 25Compared with other oilseed crops, sesame is still a low yield crop with low harvest index. 26The key research objectives in sesame are to increase the photosynthesis efficiency and the 27 yield per square area. 28Leaf color is an important trait related with the chlorophyll content, and always affects the 29 photosynthesis efficiency and the final productivity [2]. In plants, the chloroplast structure 30 always alters the composition and content of photosynthetic pigments. Several studies on the 31 leaf color mutants have uncovered a wide range of leaf color mutation types [3]. Most 32 mutagenesis of leaf color were related to the structure and function of the chloroplast [4], 33 chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation mechanisms [5], photosynthesis [6], chloroplast 34 developmental characteristics [7], genetics [8], and molecular mechanisms [9]. Furthermore, 35some mutants were used for crop breeding to higher biomass, quality, and/or other specific 36 characteristics [10]. There is a rich diversity of leaf color mutation types in plants [11][12][13][14]. 37Leaf color mutants were divided into five types according to the color classification albino, 38 yellowing, light-green, stripe, spot, etc [15, 16]. Falbel [12] divided the chlorophyll mutant 39 into two categories: (1) mutants that lack chlorophyll b, such as arabidopsis mutants [17], and 40(2) mutants with reduced synthesis of total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b; currently most 41 mutants belong to the latter category. Leaf color characteristics controlled by both nuclear 42 inheritance and cytoplasmic inheritance, may be a quantitative or a quality trait [18]. Most of 43 the leaf color variations are caused by nuclear gene mutation inducing a type of chlorophyll 44 deficiency in higher plants. The leaf color variations are mostly monogenic mutation, while a 45 handful of them are polygenic mutation. Among these mutations, the recessive mutations are 4...