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A numerical method is presented for Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of a turbulent boundary layer ow over a curved wall. The incompressible, unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in vorticityvelocity formulation and curvilinear coordinates are solved using compact di erences of fourth order accuracy and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The resulting DNS code with a curved wall capability is compatible in code structure with a Cartesian version of Meitz and Fasel 3], from which the new code was developed. The computational eciency is also comparable to the Cartesian version. Employing this new code the turbulent boundary layer ow on a Stratford ramp was simulated. It was found that (1) a boundary layer with both strong adverse pressure gradient and curvature can be maintained close to separation over an extended distance of the Stratford ramp; and (2) the ow displays strong non-equilibrium e ects, and thus would require more advanced turbulence models for Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes calculations. The present numerical results agree well with experimental measurements from Elsberry et al. 15]. Research Associate. Member AIAA. y Professor, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. Member AIAA.

Stress (195) Altered tropomysin receptor kinase B (TrkB) protein expression in the hypothalamus links to prolonged stress-induced enduring mechanical allodynia in na€ ıve and thermal injured rats