Background/AimsSilibinin, the main component of silymarin, is used as a hepatoprotectant and exhibits anticancer effects against various cancer cells. This study evaluated the effects of a combination of silibinin with either gefitinib or sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.MethodsSeveral different human HCC cell lines were used to test the growth-inhibiting effects and cell toxicity of silibinin both alone and in combination with either gefitinib or sorafenib. The cell viability and growth inhibition were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, trypan blue staining, and a colony-forming assay. Furthermore, changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related signals were evaluated by Western blot analysis.ResultsGefitinib, sorafenib, and silibinin individually exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on HCC cells. Combined treatment with silibinin enhanced the gefitinib-induced growth-inhibiting effects in some HCC cell lines. The combination effect of gefitinib and silibinin was synergistic in the SNU761 cell line, but was only additive in the Huh-BAT cell line. The combination effect may be attributable to inhibition of EGFR-dependent Akt signaling. Enhanced growth-inhibiting effects were also observed in HCC cells treated with a combination of sorafenib and silibinin.ConclusionsCombined treatment with silibinin enhanced the growth-inhibiting effects of both gefitinib and sorafenib. Therefore, the combination of silibinin with either sorafenib or gefitinib could be a useful treatment approach for HCC in the future.

We report a case that demonstrates the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with radioiodinated rituximab ( 131 I-rituximab) for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A 79-year-old male patient with DLBCL initially achieved a complete response (CR) after six cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) therapy. However, the lymphoma relapsed 20 months later. Although the patient had achieved a second and a third CR after two cycles of 90 Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, he experienced a third relapse approximately 3 years later. Between March and June 2011, the patient received three cycles of 131 I-rituximab. Although he had achieved partial response after the second cycle, the disease progressed after the third cycle, and the total progression-free survival was thus 5 months. The patient suffered only relatively mild toxicity (grade 1 thrombocytopenia) during treatment. RIT with 131 I-rituximab is therefore potentially effective in patients with relapsed DLBCL, even after the failure of 90 Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has previously occurred in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients with malignant lymphoma who received rituximab-based combination chemotherapy. However, few reports have described cases of HBV reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma thus far. We report a case of HBV reactivation in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and maintenance steroid therapy. For the HBV reactivation, the patient was treated with the antiviral agent entecavir. The clinical symptoms and laboratory findings improved after 3 months. Further studies should target the identification of patients at high risk of HBV reactivation in multiple myeloma treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and steroid therapy for maintenance and establish viral prophylaxis strategies, especially in Korea, in which HBV infection is endemic.

No abstract