La viande de volaille importée occupe une place importante dans l'alimentation béninoise. Elle est le plus souvent mise en cause dans les cas de toxi-infections alimentaires. De ce fait, elle devrait être sujette à un contrôle de tous les microorganismes de toxi-infections afin de préserver la santé des consommateurs. Mais il s'avère que Campylobacter, qui de plus en plus est indexé, ne fait pas partie de la gamme des bactéries recherchées pour la qualification sanitaire des aliments au Bénin. Cette situation serait due aux probables difficultés liées à l'isolement de ce germe. La présente étude a essayé d'isoler par culture cette bactérie afin de prouver que sa recherche en microbiologie alimentaire est possible. Cela pourrait permettre de commencer par l'inclure dans les diagnostics ultérieurs. Pour ce faire, 30 échantillons de viande de volaille importée ont fait l'objet d'analyse au Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Ministère de la Santé. Sur les 30 échantillons, Campylobacter a été isolé dans 6, soit un taux de contamination de 20%. En somme, Campylobacter peut être isolé par culture dans notre contexte.
The global high prevalence of diabetes mellitus has resulted into the development of several oral hypoglycemic agents. However, these drugs have limited efficacy and harmful side effects, which call for the search for alternatives from natural sources. The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) activity increases the level of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, which in turn reduces hyperglycemia by activating insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion. Some studies have reported the in vitro DPP‐4 inhibitory potential of functional foods, but there is no repository of information on these reports. This article is an attempt to present in concise form, reports of functional foods with DPP‐4 inhibitory potentials in vitro. This will guide the use of these foods as well as in antidiabetic drug development.
Cysteine protease inhibitors (CPIs) have been known to be present in a variety of seeds of plants, and have been intensively studied as useful tools for potential utilization in pharmacology. This study reports the isolation of CPI from Tetracarpidium conophorum by 65% ammonium sulphate saturation, followed by ion exchange chromatography; further purification was by gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the partially purified protein inhibitor was analyzed by SDS-PAGE to be approximately 20 kDa. The inhibitor had an optimum pH and temperature of 8.0 and 40°C, respectively. The inhibitor competitively inhibited papain with the same Vmax = 71.1710 3 µmol/min, Km = 166 µM, and Ki = 53.63 µM. Divalent metal ions such as, Mg 2+ , Pb 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , and Zn 2+ had significant effect on inhibitory activity of CPI at concentration as low as 1 mM. Cysteine protease inhibitor of T. conophorum investigated in this study could serve as a template in biotechnology of herbal medicine to arrest the negative modulatory interactions of cysteine proteases in clinical pathogenic expressions.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with several complications, which may result from one or more factors including increased flux of polyol pathway. This study evaluated the inhibitory potential of four citrus fruits namely Citrus paradisi Macfad. (grape), Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (lemon), Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (lime) and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (orange), on the activities of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase -the two enzymes that mediate the polyol pathway. This is determined by incubating citrus extracts with appropriate enzymes and substrates. Fruit extract with the lowest half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was used to assess the mode of inhibition of the enzymes by preparing Lineweaver-Burk plot. Citrus fruits tested inhibited sorbitol dehydrogenase more than aldose reductase, which resulted in lowered IC 50 values. Of all the citrus fruits tested, lime fruit extract displayed potent inhibition of aldose reductase (IC 50 : 138.66 µg/mL) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (IC 50 : 47.21 µg/mL). Kinetic studies also revealed that lime fruit extract inhibited the activities of both enzymes in a competitive manner. In conclusion, the inhibition of the polyol pathway enzymes by the lime fruit extract may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids and limonoids.
Les trompes utérines jouent un rôle très important dans la reproduction humaine. Elles peuvent être facilement atteintes par diverses pathologies dont l'obstruction tubaire. La présente étude a permis de déterminer le taux d'obstructions tubaires dues aux infections et de relever les bactéries en cause à Cotonou. Pour ce faire, 111 femmes venues pour hystérosalpingographie (HSG) ont été soumises aussi à des prélèvements sanguins et cervicaux (bilans microbiologiques). Au total, 51,3% de femmes souffrent d'obstructions tubaires. La majorité d'entre elles (89,4%) a un âge compris entre 25 et 39 ans. Les germes banaux, les mycoplasmes et Chlamydia trachomatis ont été isolés dans respectivement 28,1%, 38,6% et 36,8% des cas. Les différents germes étudiés se retrouvent aussi bien chez les sujets souffrant d'obstructions tubaires que chez celles qui n'en souffrent pas. Les infections dues aux germes banaux, aux mycoplasmes et à C. trachomatis pourraient engendrer une obstruction tubaire, d'où l'intérêt d'un traitement correct de ces infections afin d'éviter qu'elles ne deviennent chroniques.
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