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This empirical study investigates the causal factors affecting support for sustainable tourism development (SSTD) at a world heritage site in Bisotun, a city in Kermanshah Province, Iran. It uses social exchange theory to assess the effects of community attachment, community involvement, perceived benefits, and perceived costs on SSTD. Using social identity theory, it identifies whether these associations significantly vary across four different community groups: farmers, businesses, handicraft sellers, and local government employees. A questionnaire was administered to 489 respondents from these four community groups in the Bisotun area. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and invariance metric tests. The results revealed that community attachment, community involvement, and perceived benefits had a significant and positive impact on SSTD. The results of the metric invariance tests show that the effects of community attachment and community involvement on SSTD varied across the community groups at this world heritage site located in a developing country. The study discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.

In the context of the sharing economy, Airbnb has become a formidable mode of accommodation in the tourism industry worldwide, with a presence in over 34,000 cities in 191 countries. However, the risks associated with online bookings are significant dimensions of this e-market domain. This study assesses Airbnb hosts' perceived risks and investigates the effects of service, financial, safety and security, psychological and political risks on the host's satisfaction and intention to continue and recommend this business to potential hosts. A survey was administered to 221 Airbnb hosts located in Northern Cyprus. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed conceptual model. The results revealed that host satisfaction is negatively influenced by financial and safety and security risks; continuance intention is negatively affected by financial, safety and security, and political risks; intention to recommend this business is negatively affected by political risk; and psychological risk increases satisfaction and intention to continue and recommend. By highlighting the theoretical and managerial implications, this study informs Airbnb management of the potential risks associated with this peer-to-peer (P2P) business in order to minimize the associated risks, enhance host satisfaction and the quality of their services, and encourage hosts to recommend Airbnb to their peers.

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Organizations are under pressure to find new, sustainable practices to help deal with the deterioration of biodiversity, widening social inequality, and unsustainable use of scarce resources. The most pressing challenge for organizations is how to engage every employee in organizational sustainability process/practice, which is vital for a collective approach toward achieving organizational sustainability. This issue is even more of a concern in tourism and hospitality, which depends heavily on natural resources on the one hand, but is a labor-intensive sector with a huge number of employees on the other hand. However, there is a gap and lack of adequate focus in hospitality literature regarding workplace spirituality's role, an employee-friendly work environment that raises the spirit of employees, and its contribution to the promotion of sustainable behavior among the employees. Nevertheless, some studies argue that workplace spirituality enhances the sense of community, increases other-centeredness value orientation, boosts social capital, and promotes empathy and compassion in the work environment. Based on a review of the literature, this study conceptually establishes a connection between workplace spirituality and sustainable behavior of employees at the organizational level. Thus, it is suggested that hospitality organizations can cultivate workplace spirituality and the creation of moral bedrock within the organizational space. The outcome of this process will uplift employees' commitment to sustainable practices, environmental values, and their organization's prosperity.