School effectiveness is a global issue among education stakeholders particularly in developing countries where difficulties in delivering quality education is widespread. However, internal and external factors in schools make school outcomes unpredictable, thus making bureaucracy an effective managerial and analytical tool which can be used to examine and direct organizational structure. This study examined the mediating effect of school-based management on school climate, bureaucracy and effectiveness in secondary schools. A quantitative research of cross-sectional survey with population of 7,533 teachers was employed. Four sets of instruments were adapted and administered on sample of 350 teachers in Nigeria secondary schools through stratified random sampling of the proportionate method. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was employed to test the fitness of data in relation to constructs in the model and further confirm hypotheses generated for this study. The findings of revealed that underlying predictors were true measure of their respective constructs. There is a mediation effect of school-based management on bureaucracy and school effectiveness while other path analysis revealed that school-based management did not mediate between school climate and school effectiveness. This study expands theory on bureaucracy as bright side and validates the assertion that, bureaucracy is required in public schools.

This chapter explores the effective leadership style for positive school culture as perceived by some Malaysian Northern State school teachers. This chapter uses focus group and open-ended questions to have in-depth understanding and testing of the participants' ability of suggesting or predicting the best or most effective school leadership style for building school positive culture for best leadership practices. The participants were teachers from different schools in Northern States Malaysia undertaking master program in educational management at Universiti Utara Malaysia. The findings revealed that transformational leadership style was rated, predicted, and ranked as the best leadership style for school principals to apply in building positive school culture according to their context while distributed leadership and instructional leadership could be also considered as the second leadership styles for building positive school culture in the Northern schools of Malaysia.

-In the past, students admitted to study education related courses in the institutions are full of zeal and motivation to learn and practice as a full-fledged professional teacher. Unfortunately, there is a significant reverse in the scenario as pre-service teachers are not willing to practice in recent years. This paper examines the perception of pre-service teachers towards their career choice in studying education related courses in institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. The factors in this study was grouped based on personal interest, referral, professional status and job-related factors. The correlational research of the survey type was used to gather information from the populationfrom the federal, state and private colleges of education in Kwara State. Some students totalling 220 were randomly selected from seven institutions to respond to the questionnaire items. The results indicated that participants have fractional attitude towards choosing teaching profession choice as many students were in the college due to referral. The paper therefore recommends the need to enhance and reward the practicing teachers with favourable condition of service to motivate younger ones coming into the profession.

The significant relationships that lecturers develop and maintain with their students in institutions cannot be overlooked as studies recognize it to have a positive impact on their academic outcomes. This study assessed lecturers interpersonal climate and students’ academic engagement in Nigeria university.  The study adopted the correlational design of the survey type.  The population for the study comprised all 49,153 undergraduate students of university of Ilorin, Nigeria. The required number of respondents for the study was ascertained using the Krejcie and Morgan table and 381 participants were chosen using a convenient sampling procedure. A self developed  survey instrument titled “Interpersonal Climate  and Students’ Engagement Survey” (ICSES) was constructed based on the focus of the study to gather primary data by means of empirical survey-based research methods which allows for the test of research hypotheses formulated for the study. ICSES scale was subjected to face and content validity and reliability coefficient of .89 obtained adjudged the instrument reliable.  The factors necessitating these interpersonal climate in school were explored and results show that except for the interrelation of the construct of shared vision on academic engagement with a low factor loading of .30, all other factors explored (Empathy, Leadership Pattern and compassion) were through measures of the constructs with high factor loading >.50 and have significant interactions with student engagement. The formulated hypothesis reveals that a significant relationship exist between the constructs understudied with p-value <.05. The implication of this findings as well as recommendations were highlighted in this study.

Climate is a multifaceted concept in an organization, with few distinctions in the context of school settings. Although research on school climate stems from the study of organizational climate, and became a central variable in the educational research with a comprehensive review of the literature, there are significant differences in the approaches to the study of school climate. Scholars have studied climate at various levels of education, for example, elementary schools, secondary schools, and higher level schools as well as among teachers and school leaders. There is some divergence and variations in school climate across those contexts; there are also substantial similarities as shown in many past studies. School climate as a key player in school development can be driven by internal factors like interactive behavior and external factors such as school location, school size, student population, educational policies and socio-economic changes. Studies of climate in the educational context is multidimensional and can be viewed in a variety of ways due to diverse social effects. Climate has been investigated in relation to the general working environment of school, quality of school experience, school values and norms, interpersonal relationships of individual school members, teaching and learning practices, structure of the school, and feelings toward school life. In this regard, school climate is explored in relation to school development in Nigeria and focuses on those factors that have a greater potential to support teaching and learning practices, including school plants, school leadership, school culture, collegiality, school safety, and academic achievement. Relating these constructs to school development in Nigeria will give more precise and sizeable understanding on the importance of school climate towards attainment of sustainable school success.