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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an important food security crop mainly in semi-arid and tropical parts of the African countries. Even though it is believed to be originated and domesticated in Ethiopia, sorghum production is inhibited by limited number of high yielding varieties. A field experiment was conducted at Assosa and Pawe Agricultural Research Centers during the 2019/20 cropping season with the objective of identifying sorghum landraces and breeding lines with high grain yield, study phenotypic and genotypic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing traits. Forty two (42) sorghum landraces and breeding lines were planted in RCBD design in row column arrangement with two replications. The result of analysis of variance revealed that there is a significant variation among the tested landraces and breeding lines for all the evaluated characters. The highest yield of 3297Kg/ha was recorded for AScol19-Krm 124 followed by Ya036/1 with the mean yield of 3146kg/ha while the lowest grain yield of 817kg/ha was recorded for ETSCAs 10002-2-13-1 breeding line. Higher Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation values were scored for grain yield. High estimates of broad sense heritability were found in all plant characters under study. Highest heritability estimates (97.8) were found in grain yield. Values of genetic advance ranged between 21.94 for days to physiological maturity to 1934.46 for grain yield and the genetic gain (of the mean percent) was ranged from 11.48 for days to physiological maturity to 99.41 for grain yield. The greater extent of broad sense heritability together with higher genetic advance in characters studied showed the evidence that these traits were under the control of additive genetic effects which means undertaking selection in these landraces and breeding lines should lead to a rapid enhancement of the traits studied.

The study of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can bridge the gap between traditional breeding procedures and more efficient genetic improvements. The study of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can bridge the gap between traditional breeding procedures and more efficient genetic improvements. In this report, we assess progress in mapping quantitative trait loci and genes associated with drought resistance in sorghum. Drought avoidance is linked to a number of morphological and physiological adaptations, including limiting water loss and increasing water absorption. The effects of physiological parameters will be investigated in order to find certain selection criteria that could be relevant in the development of drought-tolerant genotypes. Drought avoidance is linked to a number of morphological and physiological adaptation traits, including In grain sorghum, quantitative trait loci affecting green retention are an important feature for post blooming drought tolerance that have been investigated in various situations and with various genetic backgrounds. The two QTLs remain green (Stg2 and Stg4) of B35 x Tx7000 RILs were entirely matched in both populations, according to QTL analysis performed in the two mapping populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Investigation done on different 44 sorghum lines confirmed that four QTL root nodal root angle discovered in the mapping population. Significant marker–trait association’s delignated within the quantitative chromosome (CI) for root angle (qRA2_5, qRA1_8 and qRA1_10) or closely allied to root angle (qRA1_5). Post-flowering drought response is expressed in sorghum when moisture stress occurs during grain development (GS-3). Three QTLs were detected for flowering time on chromosomes 2, 6, and 9, with log odds values (LOD) ranging from 2.5 to 3.3 and explained phenotypic variance (PVE) values calculated from 6 to 11%.

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