Women have always faced a number of disadvantageous gaps in the labour market; the status of women at the labour markets throughout the world has not substantially narrowed gender gaps in the workplace. Many women in developing countries are domestic workers or informal factory workers, while others are unpaid workers in family enterprises and family farms. Agriculture is the primary sector of women's employment; Sub-Saharan Africa is among regions with the highest proportion of women employment in the agriculture sector. This research was conducted on 274 sampled households with the objective to determine the factors associated with women's employment status and to examine whether the estimated parameters for logistic regression model adopting Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimation approaches are similar or not. The research revealed that about 144 (52.6%) of sampled women were unemployed that is, they were not involved in any activity for earning during the data collection. The inferential analysis using both Bayesian and Maximum likelihood estimation schemes indicated that, pregnancy, age, education level, husband/partner occupation, marital status, family size, training opportunity and a child less than 5 years old had statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect on employment status of women. The maximum likelihood estimates and Bayesian estimates with non-informative prior do not have considerable difference.

Clearing of natural ecosystems and land degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices are becoming threats to the sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems in Burie town administrative, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is therefore to assess the fruit tree species diversity in home garden agro-forestry and their role for supporting local people’s livelihoods in Burie town administration. Cultivated plants of 72 home gardens were surveyed and critical information were collected through questioner and focus group discussion from 12 households. Fruit tree species diversity (expressed in species richness and evenness) in home gardens in the study sites was determined using the Shannon-Weiner Index. The study basically considers the human consumption fruit trees species. A total of 18 fruit tree species represented by 9-genera and 7-families were recorded in home garden agro-forestry within the three wealth status (poor, medium, and rich) of the selected respondents commonly. From all wealth categories, the highest Shannon diversity index was recorded in rich and the lowest was in poor class category. Similarly, the highest species evenness was recorded in rich wealth category. However, there was no significant difference among rich and medium wealth categories for species richness. The study also revealed that age, land hold size, education status is the cause for species diversity in addition to the wealth status in the study area. Older respondents had significantly higher species richness and diversity than youngsters. It has been also found that almost all (100%) of the sampled households harvest and use at least four types of home garden products for various purposes. Lacks of management practices were the factors which puts the species diversity in question in the study area.