This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author BOI conceptualized and designed the work, interpretation of results, laboratory analysis and drafting of the original manuscripts and final approval of the version. Author EM involved in the project design, involved in result interpretation and laboratory analysis. Critical revision of draft article for suitability and intellectual content and final approval of the version. Author HJB involved in statistical analysis and critical revision of the manuscript. All authorsread and approved the final manuscript.

The main objective of the present study includes the assessment of nutritional constituents and anti-oxidant activity of methanolic stem extract of Caralluma attenuata by in-vitro methods. In the present investigation the author has identified the phytochemical constituents which have nutritional importance by specific chemical tests, thin layer chromatography, atomic absorption spectroscopy for Calcium, Zinc and Magnesium. In vitro antioxidant property was also performed by Free Radical Scavenging Assay, Reductive Ability and Nitric Oxide Method. Carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids and inorganic essential trace elements were identified and the results were tabulated. On the basis of the results observed the methanolic stem extract of Caralluma attenuata found to possess considerable amounts of nutritional constituents and anti-oxidant property

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The study investigates the effect of calcitriol treatment on oxygen consumption rate as generated by agonist stimulation of RAW 264.7 cell lines and its usefulness in eliciting reduced oxygen consumption in high respiratory burst-dependent disease state. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were used to artificially stimulate oxygen consumption in cultured pro-monocytic RAW264.7 cell line. Samples of the cultured cells were previously prepared with calcitriol (1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3) followed by a 72-hour incubation period. The percentage oxygen consumption was measured using the Clark oxygen electrode. There was a significant increase in oxygen consumption in FMLP treated cells (P<0.05) when compared with the PMA and the control groups. The PMA calcitriol-treated cells showed 24% oxygen consumption rate more than the control while FMLP treated cells was 57% higher. The result demonstrated that calcitriol, a known stimulant used to prep most cells for agonists stimulation of oxygen consumption may serve as a physiological moderator of oxygen consumption in immune cells when co-administered with agonist (PMA and/or FMLP). This may result to increased pathogen attack in a diseased state.