HighlightsIatrogenic gallbladder perforation and spillage of gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a frequent occurrence.Most of the spilled gallstones are clinically silent and rarely become symptomatic.Complications may occur from the immediately postoperative period to a long time interval of 20 years.Gallstones have been very rarely reported previously within a hernia sac after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.It is recommended that every effort should be made to remove any scattered gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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BACKGROUND: The presence of nodules in the thyroid gland is common in iodine-deficient areas of the world. Recently, vitamin D levels were found to be lower than normal and sometimes deficient in malignant nodules of the thyroid. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship between the serum vitamin D levels and benign thyroid nodules in euthyroid patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Tertiary care center in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients referred to the general surgery outpatient clinic and diagnosed with thyroid nodules were the study group. The control group consisted of healthy individuals without thyroid nodules. Age, BMI, thyroid ultrasonography, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, free T3, free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, total protein, albumin, glucose, creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were compared between groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and size of the thyroid nodules. SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS: Of 849 individuals, 453 were patients with thyroid nodules and 396 were healthy individuals. RESULTS: The mean serum vitamin D levels of patients with thyroid nodules were significantly lower than controls ( P <.001). Serum vitamin D levels along with serum total protein levels and eGFR were independent variables associated with the presence of a thyroid nodule ( P <.001, p=.005 and P =.017, respectively). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest vitamin D deficiency might be one of the pathophysiologic factors in development of thyroid nodules. LIMITATION: Single-center and possible information bias. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: None.

The aim of this study is to compare the treatment outcomes of patients that were operated for an inguinal hernia surgery with laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair and Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy (LH). Materials and Methods: This comparative descriptive study, includes a total of 318 inguinal hernia patients treated with TEP herniorrhaphy and 159 patients treated with Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy. The data of the study, "Patient identification data form" and "Herniorrhaphy Assessment Form" were used to collect data regarding the following items: postoperative complications, resting and post-exercise pain levels, length of hospital stay, time of the return to normal activity and work, recurrence rates, wound healing, the amount of scar, satisfaction with surgery and general health status. ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 6.67±2.95 and 4.23±3.06 years for TEP and LH patients, respectively Post-operative TEP patients were able to return to work sooner and postoperative scar development was less in patients with TEP. Despite having more seroma formation in the TEP group, paresthesia was less common than in the LH group. Patients in the TEP group were found to feel healthier than those in the LH group. Conclusion: Despite having more seroma and hematoma formation, TEP group had less paresthesia and permanent nerve damage outcomes compared to the LH group. TEP inguinal hernia repair recurrence rates can be close to those of the LH herniorrhaphy method if the operation is performed by a proficient surgeon.