RESUMO.Os principais fatores que afetam as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do leite in natura estão relacionados aos cuidados zootécnicos e a obtenção e armazenagem adequadas do produto em propriedades rurais. Neste trabalho, abordam-se os principais aspectos que interferem na composição do leite, especialmente aqueles associados à alimentação das fêmeas em lactação. Os critérios de higiene e manejo dos animais durante a ordenha são enfocados, à luz da relação que apresentam, com a prevenção de mastites e a qualidade do leite. Destaca-se a importância do resfriamento do produto recém-ordenhado, bem como a necessidade de modernização do atual sistema de transporte do leite, desde o produtor até as usinas de beneficiamento, como instrumentos fundamentais para garantir a qualidade do leite de consumo e dos produtos lácteos. Palavras chave: Produção leiteira, lactação, manejoFactors affecting milk production and quality: Review ABSTRACT. The main factors that affect the physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics of fresh milk are related to zootechnical care and the adequate production and storage of the product in rural properties. It article approach the main aspects that interfere in milk composition, especially those associated to the feeding of lactating females. The criteria of hygiene and management of the animals during the milking are focused, in the light of the relation that they present, with the prevention of mastites and the quality of the milk. The importance of the cooling of the freshly milked product is emphasized, as well as the need to modernize the current milk transportation system, from the producer to the processing plants, as fundamental instruments to guarantee the quality of the milk of consumption and the products dairy products. Keywords: Dairy production, lactation, managementFactores que alteran la producción y la calidad de la leche: Revisión RESUMEN. Los principales factores que afectan las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas de la leche in natura están relacionados con los cuidados zootécnicos y la obtención y almacenamiento adecuados del producto en propiedades rurales. Esta revisión trata sobre los principales aspectos que interfieren en la composición de la leche, especialmente aquellos asociados a la alimentación de las hembras en lactación. Los criterios de higiene y manejo de los animales durante el ordeño se enfocan, a la luz de la relación que presentan, con la prevención de mastitis y la calidad de la leche. Se destaca la

RESUMO.O Rodeio foi reconhecido como um esporte competitivo durante as primeiras décadas do vigésimo século, o objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a relação do peão que é um atleta e sua relação com os touros de rodeio, o peão deve permanecer sobre o animal durante oito segundos segurando-se apenas com uma mão em uma corda (montarias em touros) ou sela (montarias em cavalos) de acordo com a modalidade de montaria, a outra mão deve ser colocada para cima e caso encoste-a no animal ou na cerca o atleta é desclassificado, logo após a montaria o touro para de pular. Este esporte é conhecido pela força muscular, agilidade, equilíbrio e coragem com que os competidores enfrentam os animais treinados, entretanto, grande parte dos estudos relacionados ao rodeio competitivo prioriza os aspectos psicológicos e as lesões ocorridas nesse esporte, não caracterizando o perfil de aptidão física de seus participantes, a grande diferença de força e peso entre os atletas e os animais.Palavras chaves: Bem-estar animal, arena de rodeio, montaria em touros Relation between man and bull in the rodeo arenas ABSTRACT. The Rodeo was recognized as a competitive sport during the first decades of the twentieth century, the aim of this work is to show the relationship of the pedestrian who is an athlete and his relationship with the rodeo bulls. The pawn should remain on the animal for eight seconds by holding only one hand on a rope (bull riding) or saddle (riding on horses) according to the riding mode. The other hand must be placed upwards and if it is touched on the animal or on the fence the athlete is disqualified, soon after riding the bull stops jumping. However, most of the studies related to competitive rodeo prioritize the psychological aspects and the injuries that occurred in this sport, not characterizing the profile of physical fitness. This sport is known for the muscular strength, agility, balance and courage with which competitors face trained animals. of its participants, the great difference of strength and weight between athletes and animals.Keywords: Animal welfare, rodeo sand, bull riding Relación hombre versus toro en las arenas de rodeo RESUMEN. El Rodeo fue reconocido como un deporte competitivo durante las primeras décadas del vigésimo siglo, el objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la relación del peón que es un atleta y su relación con los toros de rodeo. El peón debe permanecer sobre el animal durante ocho segundos sosteniéndose sólo con una mano en una cuerda (monturas en toros)

Análise do perfil microbiológico de agentes causadores de mastite bovina e sua relação com a qualidade do leite em uma fazenda do Sul de Minas Gerais Analysis of the microbiological profile of causative agents of bovine mastitis and their relationship with milk quality in a south farm of Minas Gerais

Candida albicans is a yeast normally found in the human microbiota, but it is considered opportunistic, causing a pathology called candidiasis. The essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) has thymol and carvacrol in its composition, compounds with proven antimicrobial and antifungal action. Thus, the present study evaluated the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil of oregano on the strain ATCC 90028 of Candida albicans through macro and microdilution techniques, where it showed antifungal activity in vitro. Fungal suspensions were treated with different concentrations of essential oil (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.56 uL/mL) where it was possible to identify the MIC's of 6.250 uL/mL and 12.5 uL /mL in the macrodilution and microdilution techniques, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that the essential oil of Origanum vulgare has a promising antifungal action, especially on Candida albicans, and, therefore, potential therapeutic action.

The human body is inhabited by millions of microorganisms , which play an auxiliary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as in the immune protection of the host. The human skin contains an immense number of microorganisms , which vary with the local interferences and appear different according to the area where they inhabit. However, such microorganisms are in constant modification due to some disturbances. Knowing that chemotherapy is a very aggressive treatment for human cells and based on other related researches, the work in question is an evaluation of the changes caused by the epidermal microbiota in cancer patients after the chemotherapy treatment. The methods consisted in the collection of samples by sterile swab rubbed in the patients' skin pre-and postchemotherapy treatment, and in the analysis of the samples, which were sown in three culture media with different properties. Subsequently, the main bacteria that grew in the medium were isolated and identified by means of Gram staining and biochemical tests. Some qualitative changes were found at the species level; however, we detected the preservation of the microorganisms Staphylococcus epidermidis, the main colonizers of the skin and that present beneficial role for the host. Therefore, the results are positive when evaluated from a collaboration point of view to improve patients' quality of life. A more complete analysis of the microbiota is now required through molecular techniques, so that quantitative results can be verified.