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Objective Diagnostic tests devoted to the rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of the causative agent are key components of successful wellness plans directed at tuberculosis control. This study focusses on rapid and accurate detection of tuberculosis cases among Babylon population. Methods The sputum samples were collected from 60 patients suspected have suffering from tuberculosis infection, in the Specialized Chest and Respiratory Center, Hilla City and Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Babylon University, Hilla-Iraq during the period from February to June 2015. Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients' sputum samples using real-time PCR, and gene X-pert for suspected TB-infected patients. The clinical signs were recorded for each patient, including night sweating, fever, loss of weight, and history of cough. Results Gene X-pert MTB/RIF technique, real-time PCR recording the high sensitivity for AFB positive smear (100%) for both, AFB negative smear (66%, and 58%), respectively. AFB sensitivity was (16.6%), and the specificity was (100%) for all in the present study. Conclusion The comparison between advance technique (Gene X-pert and real-time PCR) and classical technique (AFB) for the diagnosis of MTB, shows that genetic technique is the best with high sensitivity and specificity.

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Objective: To assess the relation between types of thyroid diseases with types of anemia. Methods: This prospective study of 123 cases of patients with different thyroid goiters. The blood samples were collected and complete blood count was done for them, each patient with low PCV (<35%) the blood film was done for them to classify the type of anemia. Surgical operation thyroidectomy, paraffin block and hematoxylin and eosin stain was performed, the slides assess and read by pathologist to classify the thyroid goiter to (thyroiditis, thyroid tumor, multinodular goiter) other the causes of anemia are excluded by history like (vaginal bleeding, gastric bleeding, hemorrhoid). Results: Among 123patients, 84 patients with thyroid diseases without anemia, 39 patients with thyroid diseases had anemia, 21 patients with thyroid diseases had iron deficiency anemia, 18 patients with thyroid diseases had anemia of chronic diseases. Conclusion: Most common type of anaemia in different thyroid diseases is iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), the common age group of anaemia and thyroid diseases is middle age (40-49) years. The female incidence of anemia and thyroid diseases is more in female than male and the multinodular goiter (MNG) is the common thyroid diseases.