Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of static exercise program verses Swiss ball training for core muscles of the lower back and pelvic region in patients with low back pain after child delivery. Methods: This was a prospective single blind randomized control trial conducted on a sample of 30 patients with low back pain from March 2018to December 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups through seal envelop method i.e. static core exercises group (n=15) and Swiss ball training group (n=15). The outcome measures used for this study were numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), goniometry and Core stability assessment scale. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: The mean age of patients in static core exercises group was 28.38 ± 4.8 years and mean age of Swiss Ball training group was 29.57 ± 3.3 years. Between group analysis showed non-significant difference whereas within group analysis showed significant improvement at post intervention. Conclusions: Both groups showed significant difference in reduction of pain (NPRS), in disability level due to LBP (ODI), better ROM flexion/extension of lumbar and achieving better strength at core stability assessment scale (CSA). These findings suggest that both exercise protocols are equally effective in rehabilitation of postpartum low back pain. Keywords: low back pain     Postpartum        Swiss ball training   Static Continuous...

Background: For elderly persons who are frail, effective fall prevention strategies are required. Our goal was to evaluate physical activity's value in preventing falls in older persons. Material and Methodology: The physiological profile evaluation was used to conduct a randomised control experiment on individuals aged sixty five and older who were categorised as pre-frail and had mild to moderate fall risk scores.A total of 54 participants were recruited in the study using allocation concealment. 54 participants were split into two groups at random i.e MPE (n = 27), control (n = 27). The three-day-per-week, 12-week intervention mainly concentrated on proprioception, muscular development, response time, and balancing training. The main finding was the assessment of fall risk using PPA twelve weeks after baseline and at a 24 week follow-up. Results: At weeks 12 and 24, there were significant changes between the MPE group and controls in the fall risk, proprioception, muscle strength, response speed, postural sway, and fear of falling scores. In addition, the MPE group's HRQOL had dramatically improved compared to controls. Practical Implication: by identifying and establishing effect of physical activity in geriatric population in reducing risk of fall, clinical phrophylatic and rehabilitation palns can be designed and implemented before hand to decrease the chances of fall iniuries and to facilitate the rehabilitation plan after the injury. Conclusion: The MPE programme significantly improved proprioception, response time, and postural sway in elderly people with pre-frailty, which decreased the risk of falls.The MPE programme is therefore advised for use in routine primary care for the geriatric population. Keywords: Fall, Geriatric, MPE, Physical Activity, risk of fall, pre-frail, multiple physical exercise, HRQOL, postural sway

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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders, an increasing concern among school going children, primarily affect muscles and tendons. They lead to secondary damage to nerves and joints in the neck, upper back, shoulders, arms, and hands, etc. The objective of this study was to determine the association of carrying heavy school bags with musculoskeletal discomfort among primary school children in government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in different government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2018 to November 2018. After an informed consent from parents, 377 healthy school going children aged 6-14 years were included in this study. Data was collected through Backpack Questionnaire. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort with demographic characteristics and backpack-related features. P-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the school children was 9.49 ± 1.53 years with 179 (46.9%) male and 203 (53.1%) female students. Majority of students (89.8%) were found with school bags more than 15% of their body weight. Shoulder pain was the most commonly reported complaint (67.3%). There was a significant association between pain and perceived backpack weight (P=.001), and between pain and self-perceived posture (P=.001). Leaning forward (66.2%) was the most commonly adopted posture followed by leaning sideways (15.4%) and stooping (2.9%), respectively. The association between pain and duration of carrying backpack from home to school was insignificant (P=.055) in contrast to pain and duration of carrying bag from school to home (P=.007), respectively. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal discomfort was found commonly among primary school children with shoulder pain being the most frequent, as maximum students were carrying heavy school bags.