Tourniquet can be a problem if it is tied too long and too tightly when taking venous blood can affect potassium levels and result in high false potassium levels (pseudohiperkalemia). This study aims to determine the effect of Tourniquet release time on potassium levels in venous blood collection. This study uses the Quasy Experiment method using a Non-Equivalent Control group design involving two groups with two different treatments. The variables of this study were the time of tourniquet release and potassium levels. Data processing in this study was conducted in univariate and bivariate. Analysis of the data in this study also used the Independent T Test to determine the effect between variables.The results of the study through statistical analysis showed that the average blood potassium level in the first group was 3.784 mEq / L and the second group was 4.896 mEq / L. From the results of statistical tests obtained a value of P value (0,000) <α (0.05) which means Ha is accepted so that the results of this study are there are differences in the average potassium levels at the moment of release of tourniquet blood entering and releasing the tourniquet after blood. The conclusion of this study is that the release time of the tourniquet can affect potassium levels and it is recommended for medical personnel to release the tourniquet while the blood enters the syringe needle when taking venous blood to avoid high levels of potassium in the serum.Keywords: Tourniquet Release, Potassium Levels, and Pseudohiperkalemia

The normal microflora formed as commensal bacteria have roles in maintaining homeostasis in the intestine tract. The reduction in the amount and on the diversity of the commensal bacteria lead to gastrointestinal dysbiosis which increase number of pathogens, induce inflammatory and can drive to colorectal cancer. Probiotics can be used to prevent, regulate, and modulate immune response by triggering the development of pathogenspecific memory. Currently, many foreign probiotic products are available in the market that cause the domestic products are less well known. Dadih is an original probiotic's products originally from West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is made from fermented buffalo milk containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of dadih pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. The study was conducted using male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks with body weight (BW) 20-30 g. Mice were given dadih at doses of 112 mg/20g BW for eight weeks. The results indicated that LAB bacteria in dadih are coccus, Gram-positive bacteria with 3x10 7 colony-forming units (CFU) and dominated by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. In addition, the increase of both the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) was observed. In conclusion, the dadih can be used to maintain the immune system of mice. ABSTRAKMikroflora normal bakteri komensal berperan untuk menjaga homeostasis dalam usus. Berkurangnya jumlah dan keragaman bakteri komensal dapat menyebabkan disbiosis saluran cerna diikuti dengan meningkatnya jumlah patogen sehingga menginduksi inflamasi yang dapat berkembang menjadi kanker usus. Probiotik berperan dalam pertahanan, regulasi dan memodulasi respon imun dengan memicu perkembangan memori spesifik terhadap patogen. Saat ini produk probiotik luar negeri banyak beredar sehingga, produk dalam negeri menjadi kurang dikenal. Dadih merupakan probiotik local dari Sumatera Barat berupa susu kerbau fermentasi yang mengandung bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakterisasi bakteri dalam dadih dan efeknya terhadap kadar sitokin dalam serum mencit. Penelitian menggunakan mencit BALB/c jantan berumur 6-8 minggu dengan berat 20-30 g. Mencit diberi dadih sebanyak 112 mg/20 g BB selama 8 minggu. Hasil uji bakteri menunjukkan BAL yang terkandung dalam dadih merupakan bakteri gram positif berbentuk bulat memiliki jumlah koloni 3x10 7 yang didominasi oleh Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Selain itu, ada peningkatan sitokin anti-inflamasi (IL-10) dan sitokin proinflamasi (TNF-α dan IL-1β). Dapat disimpulkan, dadih dapat mempertahankan sistem imun mencit.

Senior High School I Cibadak is one of the schools that does not have a special regulation regarding the application of a No Smoking Area. Meanwhile in school environment, theat smoking behavior of the students is still a problem. Some students are founded smoking in the environment around the school, although it was done secretly. Dedication to community activities aim to increase the knowledge of students and teachers about the dangers of smoking to health and the establishment of a No Smoking Area in SMAN 1 Cibadak, Lebak Regency. The results of dedication community are the first, training of 20 students to availability of promotional media for the prevention of the dangers of smoking, the second making of regulations for SMAN I Cibadak as a Non-Smoking Area (KTR), the third preparation of articles, and the compilation of a pocketbook "The dangers of smoking to health and its prevention efforts", the last making videos of dedication community activities. While the outcomes achieved were the issuance of the Principal Regulation of SMAN I Cibadak number: 421/887- SMAN.01/CBDK/2021 dated November 3 2021, concerning Non-Smoking Areas (KTR) at SMAN I Cibadak. Determination of KTR as a step in preventing smoking behavior for students at SMAN 1 Cibadak, it is hoped that the application of KTR can be carried out in other schools in Lebak, Rangkasbitung Regency, Banten. ABSTRAK Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri I Cibadak merupakan salah satu sekolah yang belum memiliki regulasi khusus tentang penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok di lingkungan sekolah. Sementara perilaku merokok siswa di sekolah masih menjadi masalah yang kerap ditemukan. Beberapa siswa masih ditemukan merokok di lingkungan sekitar sekolah meskipun kebiasaan tersebut dilakukan secara sembunyi-sembunyi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa dan guru tentang bahaya rokok terhadap kesehatan dan terbentuknya Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di lingkungan SMAN 1 Cibadak Kabupaten Lebak. Hasil kegiatan adalah terlatihnya 20 orang siswa, tersedianya media promosi pencegahan bahaya rokok, tersusunnya regulasi penetapan SMAN I Cibadak sebagai Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR), tersusunnya artikel pengabdian kepada masyarakat, dan tersusun Buku pedoman “Bahaya merokok terhadap kesehatan dan upaya pencegahannya“, serta video kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Sedangkan luaran yang dicapai adalah diterbitkannya Peraturan kepala sekolah SMAN I Cibadak nomor : 421/887-SMAN.01/CBDK/2021 tanggal 3 November tahun 2021 tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) di SMAN I Cibadak. Penetapan KTR menjadi satu Langkah dalam mencegah perilaku merokok bagi para siswa di SMAN 1 Cibadak, diharapkan penerapan KTR dapat dilakukan di sekolah lainnya yang berada di Lebak, Kabupaten Rangkasbitung, Banten.

The normal microflora formed as commensal bacteria have roles in maintaining homeostasis in the intestine tract. The reduction in the amount and on the diversity of the commensal bacteria lead to gastrointestinal dysbiosis which increase number of pathogens, induce inflammatory and can drive to colorectal cancer. Probiotics can be used to prevent, regulate, and modulate immune response by triggering the development of pathogenspecific memory. Currently, many foreign probiotic products are available in the market that cause the domestic products are less well known. Dadih is an original probiotic's products originally from West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is made from fermented buffalo milk containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of dadih pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. The study was conducted using male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks with body weight (BW) 20-30 g. Mice were given dadih at doses of 112 mg/20g BW for eight weeks. The results indicated that LAB bacteria in dadih are coccus, Gram-positive bacteria with 3x10 7 colony-forming units (CFU) and dominated by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. In addition, the increase of both the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) was observed. In conclusion, the dadih can be used to maintain the immune system of mice.

Tourniquet dapat menjadi masalah jika diikatkan terlalu lama dan dan terlalu erat pada saat pengambilan darah vena dapat mempengaruhi kadar kalium dan mengakibatkan kadar kalium tinggi palsu (pseudohiperkalemia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu pelepasan Tourniquet terhadap kadar kalium pada pengambilan darah vena. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasy Eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan Non-Equivalent Control group yang melibatkan dua grup dengan dua perlakuan yang berbeda. Variabel penelitian ini adalah waktu pelepasan tourniquet dan kadar kalium. Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini juga menggunakan Uji T Independent untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variabel. Hasil penelitian melalui analisa statistik didapatkan nilai rata-rata kadar kalium darah pada kelmopok pertama adalah 3,784 mEq/L dan kelompok kedua yakni 4,896 mEq/L. Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai P value (0,000) < α (0,05) yang berarti Ha diterima sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan rata-rata kadar kalium pada pelepasan tourniquet sesaat darah masuk dan pelepasan tourniquet setelah darah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah waktu pelepasan tourniquet dapat mempengaruhi kadar kalium dan disarankan untuk bagi tenaga medis untuk melepaskan tourniquet sesaat darah masuk kedalam jarum spuit saat pengambilan darah vena untuk menghindari tingginya kadar kalium dalam serum