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Bissap» and «gnamakoudjii» are two local beverages highly produced and consumed in Burkina Faso, but potential hazard related to unhygienic contamination can cause a major risk to the health of consumers. This study was performed to assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in 150 samples of «gnamakoudjii» and 150 samples of «bissap» sold in twenty four open markets in Ouagadougou city. Samples were aseptically collected and analyzed using standard microbiology methods within an hour of procurement. Slide agglutination with 12 enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) antisera was used for the detection of EPEC. Nineteen (12.70%) and thirty one (20.70%) strains of E. coli were respectively isolated in «bissap» and «gnamakoudjii». Among E. coli isolated, 7 (14%) E. coli isolates were serotyped as EPEC belonging to 4 serotypes (E. coli O86; E. coli O119; E. coli O126 and E. coli O128). No Salmonella were detected in «gnamakoudjii» while 2 (1.33%) strains of Salmonella were isolated in «bissap». Antibiotic resistance results indicated that E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, cefamandole, aztreonam, cephalothin, nalidixic acid, ticarcillin and tetracycline. Training/retraining on hygiene and sanitation is recommended to avoid contamination of local beverages.

Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae is one of the main causes of antibiotic treatment failure in hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL produced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical samples (urine, stool, pus, blood culture) in the "Hôpital National de Niamey" and the "Hôpital National Lamordé" of Niamey, Niger. Samples were processed using standard bacteriological methods. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed on API 20 E system (Bio-Mérieux, France). Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar plates (Liofilchem, Italy). Producing of extended spectrum beta-lactamase was performed using simple double-disk synergy test (DDST) and double-disk synergy test using cloxacillin. A total of two hundred and seventeen (217) multidrug-resistant E. coli were isolated from various clinical samples. Among these isolates, 57 (26.3%) were extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers. From clinical sources, prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli was observed in urine samples (26.7%), stool samples (26.3%), pus samples (25%) and blood samples (25%). ESBL producing E. coli were observed in the age groups under 5 years (24.9%), 26 to 45 (38.1%) and over 65 years (50%). This study showed a notable prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli isolated from various clinical samples in two hospitals of Niamey, suggesting the rational and judicious use of antibiotics by clinicians.

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