No abstract

As history has proven, sometimes the essence of one's failure becomes best encapsulated in the way he then celebrates his long-awaited retaliation. In the Parthian case, the above law also seems to find its confirmation. In the following article, we research the topic of foreign relations of the Roman

To serve the Empire: Roman eagle as a divine messenger and guardian of majesty of the first Roman Emperor, Octavianus Augustus BC-AD . Politics -culture -belief Hadrian L. Kry kiewicz, hadrian@poczta.ig.pl Uniwersytet Szczeci ski Al. Papie a Jana Paw a II 22a, Szczecin Streszczenie G ównym celem niniejszej pracy sta a si prezentacja symboliki rzymskiego or a na przyk adzie okresu rz dów princepsa Oktawiana Augusta (44/31 przed Chr. -14 n.e.), poprzez zg bienie genezy, zastosowania oraz roli ideowej jego wizerunku w sztuce i kulturze Imperium Romanum. Analizie poddane zostaj zarówno wiadectwa pisane autorów staro ytnych, jak i liczne zabytki kultury materialnej (numizmaty, gemmy). Rozwa ania uzupe niaj uwagi odno nie pocz tków wizerunku or a jako rozpoznawalnego atrybutu cesarskiego (w adzy cesarskiej). AbstractThe presented paper focuses on comprehending the symbolism, variety and scale of the eagle's image implementation in art and broadly named culture of ancient Rome of the Augustan age (ca. 27 B.C.-14 A.D.). Both literary, numismatical, as well as gemmoglyptical evidence are examined, in our a empt to be er understand the ideological notion of the fawn bird's image in the ancient times.