Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are widely present in several organisms. These enzymes specifically transfer sugar moieties to a range of substrates. The processes of bacterial glycosylation of the cell wall and their relations with host-pathogen interactions have been studied extensively, yet the majority of mycobacterial GTs involved in the cell wall synthesis remain poorly characterized. Glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) are major class of glycolipids present on the cell wall of various mycobacterial species. They play an important role in drug resistance and host-pathogen interaction virulence. Gtf3 enzyme performs a key step in the biosynthesis of triglycosylated GPLs. Here, we describe a general procedure to achieve expression, purification, and crystallization of recombinant protein Gtf3 from Mycobacterium smegmatis using an E. coli expression system. We reported also a combined bioinformatics and biochemical methods to predict aggregation propensity and improve protein solubilization of recombinant Gtf3. NVoy, a carbohydrate-based polymer reagent, was added to prevent protein aggregation by binding to hydrophobic protein surfaces of Gtf3. Using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence quenching experiments, we also demonstrated that Gtf3-NVoy enzyme interacted with TDP and UDP nucleotide ligands. This case report proposes useful tools for the study of other glycosyltransferases which are rather difficult to characterize and crystallize.

No abstract

Introduction Algeria has more than 1.7 million diabetic patients on to whom a descriptive assessment particularly on the insulin usage behaviors has not yet been initiated, although is needed. This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of how Algerian diabetic patients perceive and apply insulin injection techniques. Methods using the “patient” questionnaire within the Injection Technique Questionnaire (ITQ) 2016 survey, this study assessed the insulin injection practices of 100 patients recruited over a seven-month period in western Algeria at the Tlemcen University Hospital Center. The results of this study are compared to those of the ITQ 2016 survey. Results pens are the instruments of injection for 98% of Algerians who continue to use mostly long needles of 6- and 8-mm, although 4mm needles are the recommended safer option. Insulin analogues (fast and basal) are plebiscite. Arms and thighs are the preferred injection sites; the abdomen (the preferred site elsewhere) is neglected for reasons to be investigated. The correct re-suspension technique for cloudy insulin is unknown. Extensive pen needle re-use (10+ times) for over half of the patients exposes them to both higher intramuscular (IM) injection risk and lipohypertrophy (LH). Injection training is performed in Algeria by the diabetologist. Conclusion this study describes for the first time Algerian patients´ insulin injection technique. It highlights their skills and identifies many deficiencies which patients and professionals must correct given the issues in this area.

We investigated factors implicated in the development of pregnant high blood pressure risks and fetal-maternal repercussions. Were evaluated (Age, Gestity, Childbirth type, Eclampsia, Gestational diabetes, Overweight, TA/S, TA/D, Baby’s weight). The logistic model retained, age of mother (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.08-1.27, P < 0.001). The gestity (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 2.16 - 04.01, P < 0.001. A systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg is at risk (OR= 11.29, 95 % Cl = 1.91 -66.78, P= 0.008).A diastolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg (OR = 15.84, 95% CI = 2.67- 66.78, P = 0.002). Gestational diabetes (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.65 - 5.06, < 0.001). The overweight (OR = 25.31, 95% CI = 18.45 - 34.71, P < 0.001). Fetal repercussions are hypotrophy and perinatal mortality. The model established has a very high forecast capacity.

No abstract