Background: Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with hyperglycemia among type 2 diabetics. The objective of this study was to compare the H. pylori infection frequency in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods: This case-control study was done at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital from May 2019 to August 2019. After written and informed consent, patients between 18-75 years with epigastric burning, dyspepsia, regurgitation were included and with history of eradication therapy, antibiotic or NSAID use in the last 6 months or surgery of upper GI tract months were excluded. Type 2 diabetics were placed in one group and non-diabetic individuals in another. Both groups were compared for presence of H. pylori infection. Data was analysed using SPSS. Demographic variables included age, gender and status of H. pylori infection. Quantitative data was expressed as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was applied to test for significance keeping p-value of <0.05 statistically significant.Results: From 480 patients, 355 patients showed positive H. pylori, among them 282 were diabetic and 73 non-diabetic (p-value <0.001). Amongst the 355 diabetics, 55% were male Among 73 non-diabetics, 64% were male. All the patients in the study had dyspeptic symptoms and complained of dyspepsia, epigastric burning and regurgitation.Conclusions: A substantial relationship between H. pylori infection among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was observed compared to non-diabetics. As a result, diabetic patients having active dyspeptic symptoms should undergo further confirmatory tests for diagnosing H. pylori infection.

Objectives:Osteoarthritis (OA) is leadingcauseof decline in physical activity. The study objectiveswere to evaluate hematological and anthropometric features in knee OA. Methodology: This case control study from March 2019 to August 2019 on patients attending general outpatient department ofNaz MemorialHospital Karachi. Patients above 18 years of either gender, diagnosed as either knee OA on X-ray knee were included. Patients with positive family history,heavy lifting workers, and women on hormonal replacement therapy were excluded. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was applied OA and control group keeping p-value of <0.05 as significant. Results:From 100 OA patients, 22 were below 50 years, 37 between 51-60, 31 patients between 61-70 and 10 patients above 71. Mean age of patients was 56.77 ± 11.26 years. Mean BMI of OA and control group was 30.24 ± 8.98 kg/m2 and 26.64 ± 6.24 kg/m2 (p-0.04). Mean hemoglobin of OA and control group were 11.20 ± 1.24 gm/ dl and13.3 ± 2.24 gm/dl (p-0.04). Mean total cholesterol of OA and control group was 158.34 ± 47.83 mg/dl and 137.25 ±51.22 mg/dl (p-0.05). Mean low density lipoprotein of OA and control group was 123.78 ± 27.29 mg/dl and 111.31 ± 24.39 mg/dl (p-0.05). Conclusion: Age, obesity, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and blood glucose was found to be substantially higher among OA patients when compared with that of controls. Females and older aged patients with bilateral joint involvement were reportedly more frequently with OA. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 682-687