Co morbid depression in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with higher levels of disease activity, pain, fatigue, work disability, health service use and lower treatment compliance. Objectives: To determine the frequency of depression among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Cross sectional, descriptive study. Setting: Pain clinic, Outpatient department, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: Eight months from 10-11-2015 to 10-06-2016. Material & Methods: The total 174 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled through the non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Results pertaining to rates were reported as frequencies and percentages. Pearson chi squared test was applied to identify the significant associations between study variables. Results: Among the total 174; (100%) study participants, depression was noted in 116; (66.7%) of participants. Forty-three (24.7%) of study participants were males and 131; (75.3%) were females. Calculated mean age of participants was 48.47 ± 8.09 years. Statistically significant associations of depression were noted with duration, treatment and symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: A high frequency of the depression was noted among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which was associated with poor outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. This suggests that the optimal care of rheumatoid arthritis should include detection and management of depression.

Background: Drug addiction is widely regarded as a pathological condition that involves the continued abuse of drugs in the development of drug-seeking behavior and a decrease in the ability to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli. Objective: To determine the frequency of relapse after opioid detoxification in drug addict patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed in psychiatry department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, PIMS, Islamabad, from October 2017 to April 2018. All adult patients who were using cannabis for at least 1 year, irrespective of gender ages between 18 to 60 years were included in the study. For drug use characteristics about preferred choice of drugs and injection-related risk behaviors were noted and analyzed. All findings were entered in a structured Proforma. Data was entered in SPSS version 21 and analyzed. Effects modifiers like age, gender, marital status, types of drugs, etc., were controlled by stratification. Post stratification chi square test was applied. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total 310 patients were included; 83% patients were male and 17% were females. The mean age of the patients was 39.02±21.42 years. 70% patients had relapse after opioid detoxification while 30% patients had NO relapse. The relapse rate after detoxification was more common in first month of detoxification (56%). After 3 months the relapse rate after detoxification was 12.5%. The statistical analysis showed that there was a very significant association between types of drugs, ages of patients, marital status and relapse rate (p ≤ 0.05). There was an insignificant association between gender and relapse rate (p ≥ 0.5). Conclusion: The study concluded that the relapse within six months of opioid detoxification in drug addicts is very common. Many factors contribute in relapse rate.

Objective: To explore, examine, investigate, analyze, and interpret the harshness or evil effects of chronic kidney disease, and to measure, describe and evaluate the psychological distress level and health associated quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Department of Nephology, DHQ Teaching Hospital, District Dera Ghazi Khan, Province Punjab, Pakistan. Period: 18th December 2020 to 18th April 2021. Material & Methods: Total three hundred and seventy two (372) _chronic kidney disease patients participated and were enrolled in this research. Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form was selected and utilized to explore, examine, investigate, and describe the health associated quality of life. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was utilized and used to identify and determine the psychological distress. Results: revealed that most respondents 29.8% ratified poor or worse health. 63.29% participants extremely or strongly limited their physical activities.78.5% of respondents reduced duration of time on their work. 29.8% of the respondent’s emotional/physical health problems/troubles restricted or interfered with their social activities for most of the time. Only 24.3% of the study participants had positive emotional health for most of the time or often they felt relax, happy and cheerful. 48.1% of the respondents were somewhat/moderately satisfied about the support and aid taken or received from family and friends. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found a negative or poor health associated and related quality or attribute of life of chronic renal disorder.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with generalized anxiety disorders in patients presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology and Psychiatric outpatient department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, SZABMU, Islamabad, from Jan to Jul 2016. Methodology: Patients presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome were enrolled. Patients were selected from the gynaecological and Medicine department. Patient’s history was taken and diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder was made utilising Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Patients having diabetes mellitus, hypertension, Cushing’s syndrome, hypoglycaemia, co-morbid psychiatric illnesses, history of psychiatric illness in past and family history of psychiatric illness were excluded from the study. Results: Among 105 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome, 79 (75%) patients had no generalized anxiety disorders while, 26 (25%) had generalized anxiety disorders. 2 out of 12 (16.6%) patients of age range of 15-20 year had generalized anxiety disorders, 9 out of 63 14.2% patients having age 21-30 years had generalized anxiety disorders and 15 out of 30 (50%) patients having age 31-40 years age had generalized anxiety disorders. Chi-square test revealed age, education level and socioeconomic status has a significant association with presence of generalized anxiety disorder among patients of polycystic ovarian disorder (with p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Generalized anxiety disorder was common in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Age, low education level and low socioeconomic status had a significant relationship with generalized anxiety disorder in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients.

Objectives: To find out the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and differences in sociodemographic factors. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: January to March 2022. Material & Methods: The sample consisted of 50 OCD patients (Male=34, Females=16). Convenient sampling method was used to approach participants. Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive scale was used along with Sociodemographic variables. Results were analyzed by using SPSS-21. Results: Findings of the study showed that Obsession with ideas of contamination and compulsion related to cleaning and washing rituals were more prevalent during Epidemic. It was also explored that there was significant increase in Incidence and prevalence of OCD during and after epidemic. Male population were more affected by OCD during Epidemic as compared to females. Residents of urban areas were more vulnerable for developing OCD. The incidents of developing OCD during the epidemic was higher in young population especially students. Conclusion: It is concluded that prevalence and incidents of OCD increased due to epidemic of COVID-19 Furthermore, it was further observed certain obsessions (obsession of contamination) and specific compulsions (cleaning and washing) was significantly higher than other types of OCD.