Osteochondral defects are relatively common in weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities and require multiple approaches of treatment. This work is focused on designing three-dimensional (3D) bilayered scaffolds fully integrating a top chitosan/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose layer (CS/HPMC) mimicking cartilage and a bottom chitosan/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite layer (CS/HPMC/nHAp) imitating bone for the treatment of osteochondral defects prepared by freeze drying. Additionally, an anti-inflammatory drug (in the bottom layer) and an antibiotic drug (in the top layer) are incorporated in the form of microspheres and nanofibers, respectively, into these scaffolds to diminish/prevent post-surgical inflammation/infection through sustained release of the drugs. The scaffolds were characterized by a variety of techniques. FT-IR analysis

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